International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Int. J. Infect. Dis. · Sep 2010
Risk factors of poultry outbreaks and human cases of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection in West Java Province, Indonesia.
The purpose of this study was to determine the association of potential risk factors to the spread and maintenance of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in poultry and humans at the district level in West Java Province, Indonesia. ⋯ We conclude that the most effective way to prevent human HPAI cases is to intervene directly in the poultry sector. Our study further suggests that implementing preventive measures in backyard chicken farming and limiting transport of live poultry and their products are promising options to this end.
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Int. J. Infect. Dis. · Sep 2010
Case ReportsGonococcal septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multisystem organ failure: a case report.
We describe the first reported case of gonococcal septic shock with associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and multisystem organ failure, in which the patient made a full recovery, and add to the paucity of descriptive literature on gonococcal sepsis. The case was a 36-year-old previously healthy Aboriginal female from northern Canada. Treatment included fluid resuscitation, vasoactive drugs, mechanical ventilation, antimicrobial therapy, corticosteroid replacement, activated protein C, and general supportive care. In addition to being the first reported case of gonococcal septic shock with associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and multisystem organ failure in which the patient made a full clinical recovery this is also the first case of gonococcal septic shock treated with activated protein C; an association between its use and the favorable outcome is postulated, but cannot be confirmed.
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Int. J. Infect. Dis. · Sep 2010
Burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in a densely populated urban community, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
We conducted blood culture surveillance to estimate the incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever among urban slum residents in Dhaka, Bangladesh. ⋯ Typhoid fever is more common than paratyphoid fever in the urban Bangladeshi slum; children<5 years old have the highest incidence. Multidrug resistance is common in S. Typhi isolates and is associated with prolonged illness. Strategies for typhoid fever prevention in children aged<5 years in Bangladesh, including immunization, are needed.
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Int. J. Infect. Dis. · Sep 2010
Case ReportsAfrican tick-bite fever: a new entity in the differential diagnosis of multiple eschars in travelers. Description of five cases imported from South Africa to Switzerland.
African tick-bite fever (ATBF) is a newly described spotted fever rickettsiosis that frequently presents with multiple eschars in travelers returning from sub-Saharan Africa and, to a lesser extent, from the West Indies. It is caused by the bite of an infected Amblyomma tick, whose hunting habits explain the typical presence of multiple inoculation skin lesions and the occurrence of clustered cases. The etiological agent of ATBF is Rickettsia africae, an emerging tick-borne pathogenic bacterium. ⋯ It can be confirmed by serology or by PCR of a biopsy of the eschar. Culture can also be done in reference laboratories. Dermatologists and primary care physicians should know this clinical entity, since an inexpensive and efficient treatment is available.