International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Purple discoloration of a urinary catheter bag is very rare. This phenomenon is known as the purple urine bag syndrome. ⋯ The urine is usually alkaline. We present a unique case of this rare and interesting phenomenon occurring in acidic urine and discuss the pathophysiology.
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Int. J. Infect. Dis. · May 2008
Prospective study on procalcitonin and other systemic infection markers in patients with leukocytosis.
To better assess the diagnosis of an infection in patients presenting at an emergency department with peripheral blood leukocytosis (>10 x 10(9) cells/l) on laboratory testing. ⋯ Only about half of the patients attending the emergency department with leukocytosis were suffering from an infection. Determination of the procalcitonin level may be useful for these patients, particularly in the case of a value higher than 0.5 ng/ml.
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Int. J. Infect. Dis. · May 2008
ReviewInfluenza viruses and the evolution of avian influenza virus H5N1.
Although small in size and simple in structure, influenza viruses are sophisticated organisms with highly mutagenic genomes and wide antigenic diversity. They are species-specific organisms. Mutation and reassortment have resulted in newer viruses such as H5N1, with new resistance against anti-viral medications, and this might lead to the emergence of a fully transmissible strain, as occurred in the 1957 and 1968 pandemics. ⋯ S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first vaccine against the avian influenza virus H5N1 for humans at high risk. However, more research is needed to develop a more effective and affordable vaccine that can be given at lower doses.
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Int. J. Infect. Dis. · May 2008
Prevalent phenotypes and antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae at an Indian tertiary care hospital: plasmid-mediated cefoxitin resistance.
The beta-lactam antibiotics, in combination with aminoglycosides, are among the most widely prescribed antibiotics. However, because of extensive and unnecessary use, resistance to these drugs continues to increase. In recent years, resistance in the Indian bacterial population has increased markedly, the majority showing complex mechanisms. Due to increased transcontinental movement of the human population, it would be wise to know the prevalence and resistance complexity of these strains, well in advance, in order to formulate a policy for empirical therapy. ⋯ The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates is quite high in our bacterial population. On comparative evaluation of DDST and TDT in resistant isolates, TDT was found to be the better method, detecting ESBLs in 80% of isolates compared to 15% with DDST. A 19.9-kb plasmid was consistently present in all the screened isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, and was inferred to encode cefoxitin and tetracycline resistance based on curing and transconjugation experiments.
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Int. J. Infect. Dis. · Mar 2008
Comparative StudyPresence and characterization of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from clinical and suspected cases of Crohn's disease and in the healthy human population in India.
To investigate and characterize Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in patients with Crohn's disease, attendants of animals with suspected infection, and healthy humans, using multiple diagnostic tests. ⋯ Paper documented the presence of MAP in all patients with Crohn's disease, in some animal attendants who had the history of working with goat herds infected with Johne's disease and in few normal healthy individuals. Presence of Ziehl Neelsen positive MAP. In the stool of attendants working with MAP-infected animals was unique to humans. ELISA based on antigens derived from indigenous MAP 'bison type' genotype of goat origin was most sensitive modality for screening Crohn's disease patients.