International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
-
Int. J. Infect. Dis. · May 2007
Lipid peroxidation level and antioxidant enzyme activities in the blood of patients with acute and chronic fascioliasis.
In this study, we investigated the relationship between fascioliasis and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. We also investigated whether there are significant differences in MDA levels and antioxidant enzymatic activities between acute and chronic fascioliasis. ⋯ The results of this study may indicate that fascioliasis produces specific effects on the antioxidant defense mechanisms due to its inflammatory character. Our results also allow us to suggest that oxidative stress has an important role in the pathogenesis of fascioliasis and the persistence of this oxidative stress can be one of the underlying factors in the pathogenesis of the chronic disease.
-
The objective of this study was to provide a Trinidadian perspective on pediatric community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacteremia via the documentation of common etiologic agents, antimicrobial profiles of the isolated pathogens, and patient outcome. ⋯ The bacteremia rate was found to be 8.4% among hospitalized children suspected of having sepsis and from whom a blood culture was positive. Bacteremia was also associated with a high mortality rate of 15.1%. An unusually high level of bacteremia with Gram-negative enteric bacteria was seen, which might indicate cross infection and reflect a breakdown in infection control measures. Relatively high-level resistance of S. pneumoniae to penicillin and ceftriaxone was not seen, even though the overall prevalence of resistance to other antibiotics among other pathogens was relatively low. The drugs that showed the greatest efficacy were imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and the cephalosporins ceftazidime and ceftriaxone.
-
Int. J. Infect. Dis. · Jan 2007
Comparative StudyHospitalization due to pneumonia among Innu, Inuit and non-Aboriginal communities, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
The objective of this study was to compare hospitalization rates due to pneumonia between Innu/Inuit communities in Labrador and non-Aboriginal communities on the Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland, Canada. ⋯ Aboriginal communities, particularly the Innu communities, had higher rates of hospitalization due to pneumonia compared to the non-Aboriginal sample. Findings of this study will be used as a foundation for more specific studies in an effort to increase our understanding of pneumonia and associated risk factors.
-
Int. J. Infect. Dis. · Nov 2006
Comparative StudyMultidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica (serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A) from blood isolates in Nepal: surveillance of resistance and a search for newer alternatives.
We evaluated the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) by Salmonella enterica (serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A) in a teaching hospital in Nepal. The MDR strains of S. enterica were also tested for susceptibility to newer antibiotics. ⋯ A greater prevalence of S. enterica serotype Paratyphi A with higher rates of multidrug resistance and ESBL production is concerning for natives as well as travelers in Nepal since the current typhoid vaccines do not provide protection against this serotype.
-
Int. J. Infect. Dis. · Nov 2006
Zoonotic infections among veterinarians in Turkey: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and beyond.
We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus, Brucella spp, and Coxiella burnetii among veterinarians in a highly endemic and a non-endemic region for these infections in Turkey. ⋯ Veterinarians should protect themselves against tick bites, and should use masks to prevent transmission by inhalation of zoonotic infections in endemic countries.