The American journal of managed care
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The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitides include several closely related, often severe, multisystem autoimmune diseases characterized by antibodies against serine proteinase 3 (PR3) or myeloperoxidase. Loss of tolerance to these antigens triggers a cascade of events, beginning with the priming of neutrophils by proinflammatory cytokines and complement activation, translocation of ANCA-specific antigens to the plasma membrane, neutrophil hyperactivation, and further activation of the alternative complement pathway, leading to tissue damage and the clinical manifestations of ANCA vasculitis. Due to the heterogeneity in presentation of these diseases, diagnosis is often substantially delayed, leading to poor outcomes. ⋯ Avacopan, an orally administered inhibitor of the complement fragment 5a (C5a) receptor, has been assessed in a phase 3 clinical trial and may play a role in reducing the cumulative glucocorticoid dose. Preliminary data suggest that cluster of differentiation (CD) 80 and CD86 blockade with abatacept may also have a role in the management of ANCA vasculitis. There is an unmet need for additional therapeutic options for patients with these diseases.
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The high cost of therapies for treatment of cancer places a substantial burden on the United States healthcare system. In recent years, there has been increased attention to the cost-savings benefits associated with clinical uptake of biosimilars and their market availability, with several biosimilars with oncology-related indications currently available. ⋯ Earlier detection of cancer and longer duration of therapy has spurred discussion about initiation of biosimilars for newly diagnosed patients requiring treatment, but incorporation of biosimilars into formularies and institution protocols remain a challenge. There is clear urgency within the healthcare system to initiate the inclusion of biosimilars into treatment pathways for cancer, and pharmacists who care for patients with cancer have an important role in providing consistent messaging to both healthcare professionals and patients about biosimilars.
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Since the historic approval of tisagenlecleucel for the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 2017, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have altered the treatment paradigm for hematologic malignancies. Five CAR T-cell products are now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for a growing number of cancer indications and a global market worth billions is anticipated in the next 5 years. ⋯ CAR T-cell therapies currently have the potential to be cost-effective; however, improved safety and efficacy, outpatient administration, and a streamlined manufacturing process could make them even more so. In the meantime, payers and providers are tasked with facing the logistical complexities of CAR T-cell therapy and developing new payment and reimbursement strategies to ensure value-based care and optimal access today.
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Compromise over ending surprise billing had consistently hit a deadlock as providers, payers, and patient groups found themselves at odds over mechanisms to resolve payment. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, accelerated legislative action on health care proposals, leading to the last-minute passage of the No Surprises Act at the end of 2020. The law marks a rare bipartisan success that promises to secure patient protections while also adding price transparency tools. ⋯ While the cost implications of this process will not be known until after implementation in 2022, it creates a template for states to emulate. Furthermore, it will reorient the relationships among payers and provider groups that have historically relied on out-of-network billing. This new competitive reality is an important step for consumer financial protection in health care.
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Pneumonia hospitalization studies using administrative claims rely on pneumonia coded in the first discharge diagnosis field over pneumonia in any coded field, and few have evaluated disposition following discharge. This study reports the total disease burden and discharge disposition among patients with pneumonia coded in any diagnosis field. ⋯ Pneumonia hospitalizations were associated with substantial health care resource utilization and in-hospital mortality. Relying only on pneumonia in the first hospital diagnosis field may potentially underestimate the burden associated with pneumonia hospitalizations.