Respirology : official journal of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology
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This study aimed to evaluate the involvement of airway cross-sectional area and shape, and functional residual capacity (FRC), in the genesis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in patients with supine-predominant OSA. ⋯ A fall in FRC when moving lateral to supine in supine OSA patients may be an important triggering factor in the generation of OSA in this patient group.
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Observational Study
Possible role of anaerobes in the pathogenesis of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection.
Recent advances in cultivation-independent molecular biological modalities for detecting bacterial species have indicated that several bacterial species may play a role in the pathogenesis of certain infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of bacterial flora in the pathogenesis of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM) using a bacterial floral analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with 16S rRNA gene sequencing in patients with bronchiectasis. ⋯ Given the results of the present study, anaerobes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis in patients with NTM.
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Multicenter Study
Risk factors and antibiotic therapy in P. aeruginosa community-acquired pneumonia.
Current guidelines recommend empirical treatment against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients with specific risk factors. However, evidence to support these recommendations is limited. We evaluate the risk factors and the impact of antimicrobial therapy in patients hospitalized with CAP due to P. aeruginosa. ⋯ Risk factor recommended by current guidelines only detect one third of the patients admitted with CAP due to P. aeruginosa. Risk factors did not define the whole benefit observed due to empirical therapy covering P. aeruginosa.
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One of the most significant complications of preterm birth is bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The pathophysiology of BPD has changed in recent years as advances in neonatal care have led to increased survival of smaller, more preterm, infants who display alterations to alveolar and pulmonary microvascular development. It is becoming clear that infants with 'new' BPD experience lung disease that persists into later childhood, however, the oldest of these children are just now entering young adulthood and therefore the longer term pulmonary implications remain unknown. The role of lung function testing in the identification and subsequent management of patients with lung disease resulting from a neonatal classification of BPD is reviewed based on the underlying pathophysiology of the disease.