Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors
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Objective: Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist that reverses life-threatening effects of opioid overdose. Since the 1970s, naloxone products have been developed as injectable solutions, and more recently as nasal sprays. Naloxone products have saved many lives in emergency settings. ⋯ Conclusion: This quality assessment demonstrates that expired naloxone products may still meet USP standards, even after many years. Further pharmaceutical, clinical, and regulatory investigation should be conducted to confirm our findings, especially for new naloxone products with different formulations and routes of administration. Extending the shelf-life of naloxone products may have important financial and public health consequences in addressing future drug shortages and meeting the needs for this critical drug.
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EMS Agenda 2050 follows the original EMS Agenda for the Future and EMS Education Agenda for the Future. These visionary documents discussed and described learning content, requirements, and design of EMS education. This article written by members of the EMS Agenda 2050 Technical Expert Panel highlights the content in the preceding agendas for the future and content from EMS Agenda 2050 in an effort to provide a summarized guide for new and existing EMS education curriculums.