Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors
-
Multicenter Study
Simplified Prehospital Prediction Rule to Estimate the Likelihood of 4 Types of Stroke: The 7-Item Japan Urgent Stroke Triage (JUST-7) Score.
Prehospital prediction models to estimate the likelihood of several types of stroke (large vessel occlusion [LVO], intracranial hemorrhage [ICH], and subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH], and other types of stroke) should be useful to transfer those with suspected stroke to appropriate facilities. We recently reported Japan Urgent Stroke Triage (JUST) score with 21 items had excellent predictive abilities, and we further tried to simplify the score with parsimonious items and comparable predictive abilities. ⋯ The simplified 7-item JUST (JUST-7) score had good predictive ability and can help healthcare providers to estimate the likelihood of different types of stroke and decide the referral hospital.
-
Rapid Sequence Airway (RSA) describes the administration of an induction agent and paralytic followed by the intended primary placement of an extraglottic airway device rather than an endotracheal tube. The purpose of this study was to determine the success rates for prehospital RSA. The secondary goal was to determine aspiration rates among patients managed with RSA. ⋯ Overall and first pass RSA success rates were high and aspiration rates were low in this quality assurance registry despite predictors of airway difficulty. RSA may be a reasonable alternative to RSI for prehospital airway management that merits further research.
-
Observational Study
Utility of Shock Index for suspected rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
A ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is a life-threatening condition, with high mortality rates. The Shock Index (SI) is an easy tool and a useful predictor of hemodynamic instability in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the predictive and prognostic value of the SI for patients with a suspected rAAA in the prehospital and hospital setting. ⋯ The prehospital and hospital SI were significantly elevated in the rAAA group. As such, the SI showed promising results as a predictive and prognostic tool, with SI ≥ 1.0 as cutoff point.
-
Trauma is a leading cause of death in the United States. Ultrasound use in the prehospital environment has the potential to change trauma management. Although ultrasound use for prehospital trauma is increasing, the role of this modality is not clearly defined. ⋯ Ultrasound use in the prehospital setting for trauma is feasible and demonstrates potential. However, the evidence in the medical literature mainly consists of prospective observational studies of physicians utilizing ultrasound for trauma in a HEMS setting. Further scientific research must be undertaken to firmly establish the role of prehospital ultrasound in trauma management by all types of EMS providers.
-
Research on the management of acute pain in the prehospital setting is fraught with challenges. The prehospital setting is complex due to constrained time, resources, and training. Research activities must not interfere with the underlying clinical priorities of immediate patient stabilization and rapid transport to an appropriate hospital. ⋯ Institutions conducting federally funded studies commit to regulations covering human subjects protections in the form of a Federalwide Assurance (FWA); prehospital organizations participating in research must either obtain an FWA or have coverage extended to them from an academic partner. We describe how these challenges were addressed during Institutional Review Board review and approval of an FDA-regulated randomized placebo-controlled trial of intranasal ketamine (vs. placebo) in acutely injured patients receiving standard of care fentanyl for prehospital pain management (NCT02866071). To our knowledge, this trial is the first instance in the United States of paramedics screening, consenting, enrolling, and administering study medications to patients without direct, real-time support from a dedicated clinical research team.