Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors
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End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) monitoring is widely used as a surrogate for the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in critically ill patients receiving manual or mechanical ventilation in prehospital, emergency, and critical care settings. Specific targets for ETCO2 are a key component of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) protocols, especially for specific patient groups such as those with traumatic brain injury. However, the correlation between EtCO2 and venous or arterial PCO2 is uncertain. We aimed to assess the correlation between EtCO2 and PCO2 in intubated patients undergoing critical care transport (CCT), and in specific subgroups of patients. ⋯ We identified substantial differences between EtCO2 and PCO2 across patients with medical and traumatic conditions undergoing critical care transport. The PCO2 assessment should be strongly considered as part of ventilatory management in patients encountered in emergency and critical care settings.
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The combination of broad conditional applicability and ease of data collection make some general risk scores an attractive tool for clinical decision making under acute care conditions. To date, general risk scores have demonstrated moderate levels of accuracy for key outcomes, but there are no definitive general scores integrated universally into prehospital care. The objective of our study was to demonstrate a relationship between the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) and prehospital lifesaving interventions (LSI) and downstream hospital mortality among a large, diverse, multi-year cohort of critical care transport patients. We hypothesized that the RTS is associated with mortality and prehospital LSI generally across all conditions, including non-trauma. ⋯ In a large helicopter EMS cohort of both trauma and non-trauma patients, the RTS was inversely associated with prehospital LSI and hospital mortality. The generalized utility of RTS demonstrated in our study warrants further investigation of this measure as a broader triage tool.
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Most patients with serious illness prefer to die at home; however, for those requiring ongoing ventilatory support, this preference is often not honored due to the difficulties of arranging a palliative extubation at home. Here we present two cases of successful home palliative extubations, coordinated by a multidisciplinary team including critical care, palliative care, care management, hospice, and emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians. By exploring the operational and regulatory challenges accompanying these cases, we provide a road map for offering mechanically ventilated patients the choice of a death at home and provide truly holistic and patient-centered care.
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Early initiation of targeted temperature management (TTM) is crucial for post-resuscitation care. Although TTM is initiated prior to transport and continued during interhospital transport (IHT), its feasibility and safety during IHT for cardiac arrest patients have not been thoroughly assessed. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of interhospital TTM for post-resuscitation patients. ⋯ Administration of TTM during IHT for post-cardiac arrest patients appears to be feasible and safe. These findings support the implementation of dedicated critical care transport systems capable of providing TTM during IHT for post-cardiac arrest patients.
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The quality of prehospital resuscitation provided by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) is essential to ensure better outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). We assessed the quality of prehospital resuscitation by recording time to key prehospital interventions using EMT-worn video devices and investigated its association with outcomes of patients with OHCA. ⋯ This study describes the rate of sustained ROSC and time to key interventions captured by EMT-worn video devices in non-traumatic OHCA patients. Although we found no direct link between QI performance and improved OHCA outcomes, this study highlights the potential of video-assisted QIs to enhance the documentation and understanding of prehospital resuscitation processes. These findings suggest that further refinement and application of these QIs could support more effective resuscitation strategies and training programs.