The veterinary journal
-
The veterinary journal · Nov 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyPlasma volume and electrolyte changes following intravenous infusion of hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch versus mannitol in healthy dogs.
In a prospective cross-over study, the duration and magnitude of effect on the electrolyte and plasma volume changes of intravenous (IV) hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch (hyperHES) (7.5%/6%) and mannitol (20%) were compared. Eight Beagle dogs received an IV infusion of 4mL/kg hyperHES (group H) and 4mL/kg mannitol 20% (group M) on separate occasions. Urine and blood samples were taken in the first (T(60)) and second (T(120)) hour after infusion. ⋯ In conclusion, hyperHES and mannitol appear to have a volume expanding effect lasting at least 120 min. The hypernatraemia induced by hyperHES was minimal compared to previous reports of hypertonic saline use, and no clinical side effects were noted. HyperHES showed comparable effects to mannitol in increasing plasma volume and diuresis and could be considered for these applications.
-
The veterinary journal · Nov 2011
Hemostatic abnormalities in dogs with carcinoma: a thromboelastographic characterization of hypercoagulability.
Hemostatic abnormalities were investigated in 32 dogs with carcinoma and 19 age-matched healthy dogs. Thromboelastography, hemostasis profile (i.e. prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], fibrinogen concentration), platelet count (PLT), thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity were evaluated. Dogs with carcinomas had faster thrombus generation (TEG(TG), a mathematic value obtained from the first derivate of the thromboelastographic tracing; 834.8±91.1 vs. 707.8±75.8mm/min; mean±SD), increased fibrinogen concentration (276 vs. 151mg/dL), and PLT (425 vs. 324U×10(9)/L), but had decreased PAI-1 activity (15.7 vs. 26.2IU/mL). ⋯ Disseminated intravascular coagulation was uncommon and the extent of disease was not correlated with hypercoagulability. TEG(TG) showed good correlation with fibrinogen (r=0.80) and hyperfibrinogenemia seems to be a main factor of the hypercoagulable state in carcinoma dogs. In conclusion, TEG(TG) is a valid parameter to diagnose hypercoagulability.
-
The veterinary journal · Oct 2011
Pharmacokinetics of oral gabapentin alone or co-administered with meloxicam in ruminant beef calves.
Gabapentin is a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue indicated for treatment of neuropathic pain. This study determined the pharmacokinetics of oral (PO) gabapentin alone or in combination with meloxicam in ruminant calves. Gabapentin capsules at 10mg/kg or gabapentin powder (from capsules at 15mg/kg) and meloxicam tablets (0.5mg/kg) were administered PO to six beef calves. ⋯ The mean (±SD) C(max), T(max) and t(½)λz for meloxicam was 2.11± 0.19μg/mL, 11.67 ± 3.44h and 20.47 ± 9.22h, respectively. Plasma gabapentin concentrations >2μg/mL were maintained for up to 15h and meloxicam concentrations >0.2μg/mL for up to 48h. The pharmacokinetic profile of oral gabapentin and meloxicam supported clinical evaluation of these compounds for management of neuropathic pain in cattle.
-
The veterinary journal · Jul 2011
Relation between isoflurane concentration, body temperature and EEG variables during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in juvenile sheep.
Isolation of lungs from the circulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) results in the loss of end-tidal anaesthetic measurement as a monitor of anaesthetic depth. The objective of our study was to test whether the isoflurane concentration measured at the oxygenator exhaust (ISO(PO-OX)) could be used as an alternative. Five juvenile ewes were anaesthetised for experimental aortic valve replacement during hypothermic CPB. ⋯ ISO(PO-OX) was similar to the end-tidal anaesthetic concentration measured before start of CPB (ISO(ET(PRE-CPB))) and was positively correlated (P<0.001; R=0.431) to the bypass temperature (T(CPB)). EEG burst suppression ratio was negatively correlated with the oesophageal temperature (T(ESO)) (P=0.002; R=0.433) whilst data analysis revealed only a weak association between EEG variables and ISO(PO-OX). Therefore, EEG monitoring may be the only valuable quantitative measure of adequate anaesthetic depth during hypothermic CPB.
-
The veterinary journal · Jun 2011
Evaluation of spectral entropy to measure anaesthetic depth and antinociception in sevoflurane-anaesthetised Beagle dogs.
The use of spectral entropy to determine anaesthetic depth and antinociception was evaluated in sevoflurane-anaesthetised Beagle dogs. Dogs were anaesthetised at each of five multiples of their individual minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC; 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5 and 1.75 MAC), and response entropy (RE), state entropy (SE), RE-SE difference, burst suppression rate (BSR) and cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded before and after a painful stimulus. ⋯ BSR was different to zero at 1.5 and 1.75 MAC. It was concluded that RE and RE-SE differences were not adequate indicators of antinociception and SE and RE were unable to detect deep planes of anaesthesia in dogs, although they both distinguished the awake and unconscious states.