Biochemical and biophysical research communications
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Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. · Nov 2015
T gene isoform expression pattern is significantly different between chordomas and notochords.
The T gene plays a key role in chordoma pathology. To investigate the role of T gene isoforms in chordoma, 22 skull base chordomas, three chordoma cell lines and 9 infant notochords, which were used as normal controls, were collected. We first conducted droplet digital PCR to quantify the absolute expression levels of the long and short isoforms of the T gene (T-long and T-short, respectively) and revealed that T-long was dominantly expressed in all chordomas and chordoma cell lines, but not in the notochords. ⋯ In conclusion, two T gene isoforms were investigated in skull base chordomas and chordoma cell lines, and the longer isoform was dominantly expressed. The distinct expression patterns of these T gene isoforms may contribute to the pathogenesis of skull base chordomas. However, further studies on the function of these isoforms are needed.
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Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. · Oct 2015
Curcumin promotes browning of white adipose tissue in a norepinephrine-dependent way.
Brown adipose tissue converts energy from food into heat via the mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP1, defending against cold. In some conditions, inducible 'brown-like' adipocytes, also known as beige adipocytes, can develop within white adipose tissue (WAT). These beige adipocytes have characteristics similar to classical brown adipocytes and thus can burn lipids to produce heat. ⋯ This effect was possibly mediated by the emergence of beige adipocytes and the increase of thermogenic gene expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in inguinal WAT. In addition, curcumin promotes β3AR gene expression in inguinal WAT and elevates the levels of plasma norepinephrine, a hormone that can induce WAT browning. Taken together, our data suggest that curcumin can potentially prevent obesity by inducing browning of inguinal WAT via the norepinephrine-β3AR pathway.
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Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. · Sep 2015
Bilirubin treatment suppresses pulmonary inflammation in a rat model of smoke-induced emphysema.
Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for emphysema, which is characterized by airway inflammation and oxidative damage. ⋯ Bilirubin attenuated smoking-induced pulmonary injury by suppressing inflammatory cell recruitment and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, and anti-oxidant SOD activity in a rat model of smoke-induced emphysema.
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Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. · Sep 2015
GABAB receptors inhibit low-voltage activated and high-voltage activated Ca(2+) channels in sensory neurons via distinct mechanisms.
Growing evidence suggests that mammalian peripheral somatosensory neurons express functional receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABAA and GABAB. Moreover, local release of GABA by pain-sensing (nociceptive) nerve fibres has also been suggested. Yet, the functional significance of GABA receptor triggering in nociceptive neurons is not fully understood. ⋯ Inhibition of T-type Ca(2+) current by baclofen and the recovery of such inhibition by DTT were successfully reconstituted in the expression system. Our data suggest that inhibition of LVA current in DRG neurons by baclofen is partially mediated by an unconventional signaling pathway that involves a redox mechanism. These findings reinforce the idea of targeting peripheral GABA receptors for pain relief.
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Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. · Sep 2015
Deferoxamine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and protects against endotoxic shock in mice.
To examine the role of the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP) in the induction of inflammatory responses, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and endotoxic shock in mice in the present study. Our data showed that DFO significantly decreased LPS-induced LIP and ROS upregulation. We then found that DFO inhibited phosphorylation of MAP kinases such as ERK and p38 and also inhibited the activation of NF-κB induced by LPS. ⋯ These results demonstrate that iron plays a pivotal role in the induction of inflammatory responses and against septic shock. DFO has effective inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory mediators via suppressing activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways; it also has a protective effect on LPS-induced endotoxic shock in mice. Our findings open doors to further studies directed at exploring a new class of drugs against septic shock or other inflammatory diseases by modulating cellular chelatable iron.