Depression and anxiety
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Depression and anxiety · Feb 2013
Baseline depression levels do not affect efficacy of cognitive-behavioral self-help treatment for insomnia.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy can effectively treat insomnia (CBT-I). Randomized controlled trials have shown efficacy of self-help CBT-I, but unclear is whether excluding depressive patients boosted treatment effects. ⋯ This study showed that CBT-I is effective regardless of baseline depression levels. Treating the combination of insomnia and depression is an extra challenge since it is associated with increased sleep problems. These data may help us understand the relationship between insomnia and depression and indicate that self-help CBT-I may be a promising addition to regular depression treatment.
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Depression and anxiety · Jan 2013
Multicenter StudyHedonic tone and its mood and cognitive correlates in Parkinson's disease.
Anhedonia has been mainly reported as a symptom of depression and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Here, we investigated whether hedonic tone depends on depression and clarified its relationship with the cognitive performance of PD patients with different mood disorders. ⋯ Our findings suggest that anhedonia is related to depression severity and specific cognitive performances in patients with MDD and with no depressive disorder. By contrast, the reduced hedonic tone in patients with MIND is independent from depression severity and cognition. Thus, anhedonia in PD is a heterogeneous and multidimensional phenomenon and require investigation at different levels.
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Depression and anxiety · Nov 2012
rTMS stimulation on left DLPFC affects emotional cue retrieval as a function of anxiety level and gender.
Anxiety behaviour showed a consistent attentional bias toward negative and aversive memories, induced by a right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) hyperactivation. In the present research, we explored the possible effect of rTMS (repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation) on the left DLPFC in memory retrieval of positive versus negative emotional words, to induce a balanced response between the two hemispheres. Moreover, the gender effect in emotional memory processing was verified as a function of the stimulus valence. ⋯ These results suggested that left DLPFC activation favors the memory retrieval of positive emotional information and may limit the "unbalance effect" induced by a right frontal hemispheric superiority in high levels of anxiety.
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Depression and anxiety · Sep 2012
Deficient inhibition of return in subclinical OCD only when attention is directed to the threatening aspects of a stimulus.
Inhibition of return (IOR) is thought to reflect inhibition of previously attended but irrelevant stimuli. Deficient IOR would increase the likelihood of revisiting previously searched locations or objects, thus leading to unproductive perseverations. ⋯ We conclude that IOR mechanisms might not be generally deficient in high checkers; rather only when attention is drawn to the threatening aspects of ecologically valid stimuli, then disengagement of attention is deficient in high checkers. We make suggestions on how our task-specific findings may inform cognitive interventions that target attentional control in the treatment of checking/obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Depression and anxiety · Sep 2012
White matter abnormalities in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study.
There is paucity of data on white matter (WM) abnormalities in juvenile obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to identify WM microstructure changes in juvenile OCD. ⋯ Our findings suggest involvement of multiple WM tracts in juvenile OCD. In addition to the widely proposed hypothesis of orbitofrontal-striato-thalamo-cortical circuitry deficits in the development of OCD, our findings suggest involvement of additional brain regions, possibly parietal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, and limbic system. The widespread differences in WM among cases and controls also points to the possibility of underlying myelination changes.