British journal of anaesthesia
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Oral mucosal blood flow, plasma epinephrine and haemodynamic responses after injection of lidocaine with epinephrine during midazolam sedation and isoflurane anaesthesia.
We have investigated the relationship between oral mucosal blood flow and plasma epinephrine concentration, and the effects of conscious sedation vs general anaesthesia on haemodynamic responses after submucosal epinephrine injection in 14 subjects. The same seven patients were studied both as controls and after sedation. For sedation, midazolam i.v. was used. ⋯ There were no differences in haemodynamic changes except for heart rate, between the three groups. These results suggest that plasma epinephrine concentration after submucosal injection depends on the initial mucosal blood flow in the injected area. Haemodynamic changes, except heart rate, in the sedation and general anaesthesia groups were similar despite different changes in maximum plasma epinephrine concentration.
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Clinical Trial
Patient-controlled sedation using propofol in elderly patients in day-case cataract surgery.
Patient-controlled sedation (PCS) with propofol has been used successfully as an adjunct to local anaesthetic procedures. We studied a group of elderly patients (mean age 75.4 yr) undergoing cataract surgery and attempted to increase patient acceptability and comfort of local anaesthesia. Propofol was self-administered in a dose of 0.25 mg kg-1 for patients more than 60 yr of age, with a lockout period of 3 min. ⋯ However, while it is possible to administer PCS successfully to elderly patients undergoing cataract surgery and produce a decrease in the level of anxiety, we found it unacceptable because of head movement in two patients. These patients received only two and three divided doses, to a maximum of 29 and 30 mg, respectively. There were no other adverse events.
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Editorial Comment
Rapacuronium (Org 9487): do we have a replacement for succinylcholine?