British journal of anaesthesia
-
Draw-over anaesthesia is widely used throughout the developing world, in disaster areas and in military anaesthesia when the supply of pressurized oxygen is unreliable. To date, no draw-over vaporizer has been able to deliver sufficient concentrations of sevoflurane for use in inhalation induction of anaesthesia. A laboratory study to assess the performance of a new vaporizer (DDV2) to deliver sevoflurane in a wide range of situations is described. ⋯ The modifications to the DDV2 allow stable concentrations of sevoflurane to be delivered in draw-over and continuous flow modes over a range of temperatures. With continuous flow, concentrations of sevoflurane sufficient for induction of anaesthesia can be achieved.
-
There is growing evidence that airway complications are relatively common in critical care. Strategies have been suggested to decrease their incidence. ⋯ Our data suggest that several possible strategies for avoiding airway complications in ICU patients dependent on an artificial airway are poorly implemented. This may expose these patients to avoidable risk.
-
Comparative Study
Pumpless arterio-venous extracorporeal lung assist compared with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during experimental lung injury.
Extracorporeal lung support is effective to prevent hypoxaemia and excessive hypercapnia with respiratory acidosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Miniaturized veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (mECMO) and arterio-venous pumpless extracorporeal lung assist (pECLA) were compared for respiratory and haemodynamic response and extracorporeal gas exchange and device characteristics. ⋯ Both devices have the potential to unload the lungs from gas transfer sufficiently to facilitate lung-protective ventilation. Although technically less complex, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal are limited in pECLA, and cardiac work was increased. mECMO overcomes these limitations and might provide better cardiopulmonary protection.
-
To determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a new i.v. formulation of paracetamol (Perfalgan) in children ≤15 yr of age. ⋯ In children aged 1.8-15 yr, the PK parameters for i.v. paracetamol were not influenced directly by age but were by total body weight and, using allometric size scaling, significantly affected the clearances (CL, Q) and volumes of distribution (V(1), V(2)).
-
A significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) with the prophylactic use of aprotinin has been reported in adults undergoing cardiac surgery, but not in children. Blood product transfusions have also been shown to carry an independent risk of AKI. The present study assessed associations between AKI, aprotinin, and transfusions in neonates and infants undergoing cardiac surgery. ⋯ Blood product transfusions, but not the prophylactic use of aprotinin, are significantly associated with AKI after cardiac surgery in neonates and infants.