British journal of anaesthesia
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Studies with an emulsion formulation of ICI 35 868 (2,6- diisopropylphenol ) indicate that this new formulation has anaesthetic properties in rats and mice, and haemodynamic effects in the mini-pig which are similar to those of the previously available Cremophor formulation. Administration of the emulsion formulation to dogs produced no untoward effect, whereas the Cremophor formulation produced a marked increase in plasma histamine concentration. In the mini-pig, no adverse response was produced by the repeated administration of the emulsion formulation of ICI 35 868, whereas the Cremophor formulation produced anaphylactoid responses when a second injection was given 1 week after an uneventful first exposure to this formulation. Behavioural responses in the rat suggest that the emulsion formulation may produce less discomfort on i.v. injection.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effects of ketamine anaesthesia on the metabolic response to pelvic surgery.
The effects of ketamine anaesthesia on the metabolic and endocrine response to pelvic surgery were investigated, and compared with results obtained in a control group of patients anaesthetized with thiopentone and halothane. Ketamine anaesthesia before the onset of surgery was associated with a significant increase in blood glucose and plasma cortisol concentrations, and in heart rate. However, when surgery was established there were no metabolic, endocrine or haemodynamic differences between ketamine and halothane anaesthesia. We conclude that ketamine does not exacerbate the metabolic response to surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Recovery characteristics following antagonism of atracurium with neostigmine or edrophonium.
The evoked reversal characteristics of atracurium were studied in 21 patients using edrophonium or neostigmine and a train-of-four pattern of stimulation. Reversal of residual atracurium -induced neuromuscular blockade was significantly more rapid using edrophonium compared with neostigmine. The ratio of the fourth twitch in the train-of-four to the first twitch--the T4 ratio--was significantly greater when the first twitch (T1) had recovered to 75% of control T1, using edrophonium compared with neostigmine. A T4 ratio of 0.5 was confirmed to be compatible with the reliable and safe reversal of atracurium -induced neuromuscular blockade.