International journal of clinical practice
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A panel of experts in urology, urogynecology, nursing, and behavioral therapy convened in 2010 to discuss the importance of a healthy bladder on overall health. They determined that a consensus statement was necessary to raise awareness among the general public, healthcare providers, payors, and policymakers, with the goals of minimizing the impact of poor bladder health and stimulating primary prevention of bladder conditions. In this statement, 'healthy' bladder function is described, as well as internal and external factors that influence bladder health. ⋯ Lastly, the authors propose clinical directives based on persuasive and convergent research to improve and maintain bladder health. The authors hope that this statement will lead to promotion and achievement of optimal bladder health, which may improve overall health and help minimize the effects of bladder conditions on the public, healthcare professionals, educators, employers, and payors. The advisors are in consensus regarding the recommendations for improving and maintaining bladder health presented herein.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Oct 2011
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs): views of aficionados and clinical/public health perspectives.
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have experienced a rapid growth in popularity but little is known about how they are used. ⋯ Until we have more evidence on the safety and efficacy of e-cigs for smoking cessation, smokers should be advised to use proven treatments (e.g. counselling and FDA-approved medicines). However, for those who have successfully switched to e-cigs, the priority should be staying off cigarettes, rather than quitting e-cigs.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Oct 2011
ReviewClinical approach to adrenal insufficiency in hospitalised patients.
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) refers to glucocorticoid deficiency resulting from adrenal gland disease. Central adrenal insufficiency is because of disorders of the pituitary gland (secondary) or the hypothalamus (tertiary). ⋯ Transient HPA axis suppression is increasingly being reported in hospitalised patients with acute illness (relative adrenal insufficiency). This article extensively reviews various aetiologies and management of adrenal insufficiency.