International journal of clinical practice
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Jun 2005
Evaluation of the reasons for cancellations and delays of surgical procedures in a developing country.
Data on all patients scheduled to have elective and emergency surgeries during the period of 6 weeks from September 1999 to October 1999 were prospectively collected to determine scheduled starting times, actual starting times, completion times, causes for delays and cancellations. Of 840 procedures scheduled during the study period, 594 (71%) were available for analysis. Eighty-nine per cent of cancellations occurred in patients undergoing elective surgery. ⋯ Surgical procedures started on time in only 7% of patients. The most common cause of delay was due to delayed transport of patients to the operating theatre (17%). Optimal utilisation of operating theatres in our situation may be effected by increasing the bed-strength of ICUs to free the RR, proper pre-operative work up, adequate counselling of day-care surgery patients and efficient floor management of the operating theatre.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Jun 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEfficacy and safety of ezetimibe co-administered with ongoing atorvastatin therapy in achieving low-density lipoprotein goal in patients with hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease.
This randomised, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ezetimibe (EZE) co-administered with ongoing atorvastatin (ATV) therapy in 450 hypercholesterolemic patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who had not achieved their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal < or =2.60 mmol/l while on a stable dose of ATV 10 or 20 mg/day for > or =6 weeks. After a 4-week diet/baseline active run-in period, patients with LDL-C >2.60 mmol/l and < or =4.20 mmol/l were stratified by ATV dose and randomised (1 : 1) to EZE 10 mg or PBO for 6 weeks while continuing open-label ATV. ⋯ Compared to PBO, co-administration of EZE with ongoing ATV led to significantly (p < or = 0.001) greater reductions in LDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and apolipoprotein B; HDL-C was significantly (p < or = 0.05) increased. Co-administration of EZE and ATV was well tolerated, with an overall safety profile similar to ATV alone.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · May 2005
ReviewVenous thromboembolism in the medically ill patient: a call to action.
The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in medical patients is generally underestimated. However, recent studies including two large double-blind placebo-controlled trials, the Prospective Evaluation of Dalteparin Efficacy for Prevention of VTE in Immobilised Patients trial (PREVENT) and prophylaxis in MEDical patients with ENOXaparin, study show that low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) provide effective thromboprophylaxis for medical patients at risk from VTE without increasing the risk of bleeding. ⋯ The recently published guidelines for the prevention and treatment of VTE, issued by the American College of Chest Physicians, recommend prophylaxis with LMWHs (or low-dose unfractionated heparin) in acutely ill medical patients with risk factors for VTE (grade 1A). Current evidence should encourage the more widespread adoption of thromboprophylaxis in at-risk medical patients, and thus reduce the number of preventable deaths and complications due to VTE.
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Paraphimosis is a frequently presented complaint in the emergency department. This review outlines the treatment options available for resolving this condition: manual reduction methods, osmotic methods, puncture and aspiration methods and treatments using sharp incision. The technique of penile block local anaesthesia is described. A technique sequence for treatment is suggested.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · May 2005
ReviewA review of the current evidence for the use of angiotensin-receptor blockers in chronic heart failure.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have a central role in the management of heart failure, reflecting the contribution of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to the pathophysiology of the condition. Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) bind specifically to the angiotensin type 1 receptor and may offer further benefits compared with ACE inhibitors. Candesartan, losartan and valsartan have all been evaluated in large clinical outcome trials in heart failure. ⋯ The CHARM programme showed that candesartan reduced morbidity and mortality in heart failure with reduced systolic function, both when added to ACE inhibitor therapy or when used as an alternative in patients who are intolerant to ACE inhibitors. Moreover, the CHARM-preserved study suggested that candesartan is beneficial in patients with heart failure and preserved left-ventricular systolic function. A growing body of evidence show that ARBs are an important contribution to the pharmaceutical management of patients with heart failure.