Ciência & saúde coletiva
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Breastfeeding plays a fundamental role in the benefits for the health of the newborn child and the nursing mother. The use of medications during breastfeeding is a relevant issue, by virtue of the frequent need for pharmacological treatment in the postpartum period. The scope of this article was to conduct a review of the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of medications used during the breastfeeding period. ⋯ This review discusses the risk of the use of medications during lactation and the effects that they may have on the breastfed infant. Few medications are contraindicated and others require care due the risk of adverse effects on breastfed infants or in the suppression of breast milk volume. Therefore, the dissemination of updated information for the health professional to adequately assess the risks and the benefits of the use of medications during breastfeeding is of vital importance, thereby contributing to avoid early weaning.
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The objective of this study was to research the existence of sexism against women among primary healthcare (PHC) workers and to identify associated factors. This was a cross-sectional study in which 163 PHC professionals of both sexes participated, all of whom were aged over 18 and had completed their primary or secondary education. The Gender Stereotyping and Ambivalent Sexism Inventory questionnaires were used. ⋯ The stratification of the Gender Stereotyping scores did not point to significant differences. Sexist prejudice was found to exist for hostile sexism, benevolent sexism and gender stereotyping. This finding could have a negative influence on the service-user relationship, leading to greater inequities in health as a result of gender inequality.
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The article presents a review of Brazilian tobacco control policies from 1986 to 2016, based on contributions from political economics and analyses of public policies. The institutionalization of tobacco control in the country was marked by more general changes in health policies and by specific events related to the theme. ⋯ This study reinforces the importance of bearing in mind the relationship between the domestic and international context, and the articulation between different governmental and non-governmental sectors and players when analyzing complex health policies. Continuity and consolidation of the tobacco control policies depend on the persistence of a broad institutional framework to guide the State's actions in social protection, in accordance with Unified Healthcare System guidelines.
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Ciência & saúde coletiva · Jun 2018
Brazil's Unified Health System and the National Health Promotion Policy: prospects, results, progress and challenges in times of crisis.
This article examines progress made towards the implementation of the core priorities laid out in the National Health Promotion Policy (PNPS, acronym in Portuguese) and current challenges, highlighting aspects that are essential to ensuring the sustainability of this policy in times of crisis. It consists of a narrative review drawing on published research and official government documents. ⋯ Progress has been made across all core priorities: tackling the use of tobacco and its derivatives; tackling alcohol and other drug abuse; promoting safe and sustainable mobility; adequate and healthy food; physical activity; promoting a culture of peace and human rights; and promoting sustainable development. However, this progress is seriously threatened by the grave political, economic and institutional crisis that plagues the country, notably budget cuts and a spending cap that limits public spending for the next 20 years imposed by Constitutional Amendment Nº 95, painting a future full of uncertainties.
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Ciência & saúde coletiva · Jul 2017
The Alma-Ata Decade: the crisis of development and international health.
The paper analyzes formulations in the area of international health at the time of the International Conference on Primary Health Care, held in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan, in 1978. It is set within the context of the broader debate on development and international cooperation throughout the 1970s. ⋯ They were compared with the proposals in documents from the World Health Organization and in the statements from Halfdan Mahler, its director. As a whole, this set of formulations and proposals share a broad spectrum of terms and notions, as well as much of the expectations for change and tensions that existed in the classic period of development during the later years of the post-war era.