European journal of pain : EJP
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The objectives of this study were to examine the role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in peripheral neuropathy and behavioural pain responses in experimentally induced chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve of rat. Effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) administered intraperitoneally, was also investigated on CCI-induced neuropathic pain in rats. ⋯ This study identifies antioxidants superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione, and oxidative stress as important determinants of neuropathological and behavioural consequences of CCI-induced neuropathy, and NAC may be a potential candidate for alleviation of neuropathic pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Peroperative ketamine and morphine for postoperative pain control after lumbar disk surgery.
Ketamine, a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, may reduce postoperative opioid demand and improve postoperative analgesia. ⋯ Ketamine small-dose, combined with morphine improves postoperative analgesia and reduces opioid-related side effects in lumbar disk surgery.
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Clinical studies suggest that tramadol-induced analgesia is partially antagonized by ondansetron. ⋯ The interaction of tramadol with ondansetron or droperidol on antinociception can be antagonistic or additive, depending on the type of stimuli. Both anti-emetics antagonize the anti-transit effects of tramadol. The results demonstrate antagonism between tramadol and the two anti-emetics for analgesia and inhibition of gastrointestinal transit, supporting previous clinical studies.
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Sex differences in cardiac and autonomic response to clinical and experimental pain in LBP patients.
Rehabilitation professionals are currently using heart rate (HR) in order to assess the sincerity of effort in certain evaluations. It has been shown that a relation exists between HR and pain but no study has measured cardiac response during both clinical and experimental pain among a patient population using an intra-subject design. Thirty patients with low back pain (LBP) participated in this study including 16 men. ⋯ These results suggest that pain induced during a clinical evaluation will produce a significant HR augmentation. However, heart rate variability analysis showed greater sympathetic cardiac regulation for men. The sex differences observed in this study call for caution when interpreting HR during pain assessment.