European journal of pain : EJP
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The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of visual feedback techniques on pain perception by analysing the effect of normal-sized, magnified or minified visual feedback of body parts on clinical and experimentally-induced pain. Databases searched: Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, PEDro, CINAHL, CENTRAL and OpenSIGLE. Studies investigating pain patients and pain-free participants exposed to experimentally-induced pain were analysed separately. ⋯ There were inconsistencies in study findings comparing normal-sized reflection of a body part and a reflection of an object, or a magnified or minified reflection. There is tentative evidence that mirror visual feedback can alleviate pain when delivered as a course of treatment, and for patients with complex regional pain syndrome. It was not possible to determine whether normal-sized, magnified or minified visual feedback of body parts affects pain perception because of contradictory findings in primary studies.
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To analyse the frequency of nonrecreational prescription analgesic sharing, associated factors and differences between lenders and borrowers. ⋯ Sharing of prescription analgesics is a highly prevalent behaviour amongst pain patients, and there exist independent factors associated with such conduct. This information can be useful in the design of interventions aimed at mitigating analgesic sharing behaviour in the future.
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Cognitive appraisals, most notably pain catastrophizing, play an important role in chronic pain. The role of metacognition and its impact on the relationship between pain catastrophizing and health are understudied. The identification of metacognition as a moderator of psychological constructs may have clinical and empirical implications. We hypothesized that negative metacognitive beliefs would moderate the relationships between pain catastrophizing and emotional functioning and physical activity. ⋯ Findings highlight the need to better characterize the value of metacognitive beliefs as an important predictor and therapeutic target. Despite limited evidence of a dynamic relationship between metacognition and daily adjustment to chronic pain, results emphasize the potential importance of interventions that target cognitive appraisal process beyond catastrophizing, including uncontrollability and danger-laden thought patterns.
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Although multi-site pain is common in adolescents, pain conditions are frequently diagnosed and treated in isolation. Little is known about whether there are specific sites in which pain commonly co-occurs. This study examines the patterns of pain in adolescents, and whether these are associated with sports participation, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and sex. ⋯ Latent class analysis identified distinct classes of pain patterns in adolescents, characterized by sex, differences in HRQoL and sports participation. The class with multi-site bodily pain and reduced quality of life was the largest among adolescents reporting pain, and future research on treatment strategies should consider targeting this group.
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The therapeutic influence of somatotopic matching between pain topography and motor cortex stimulation site for neuropathic pain (NP) remains controversial. ⋯ Strict somatotopic targeting of rTMS does not appear warranted for the treatment of upper limb or face NP. Since the hand motor area is easier to target and provides better results, it might be privileged for both types of pain.