European journal of pain : EJP
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The complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by distal generalisation of pain beyond the initial trauma. This might be the result of impaired endogenous pain inhibition. ⋯ Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is not impaired in the early phase of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and neuralgia. Only in CRPS higher CPM was associated with lower cold pain thresholds.
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The TRP channel ankyrin type 1 (TRPA1) is a nonselective cation channel known to be activated by environmental irritants, cold and endogenous mediators of inflammation. Activation of TRPA1 in trigeminal afferents innervating meningeal structures has recently been suggested to be involved in the generation of headaches. ⋯ Sole activation of TRPA1 receptor channels increases the activation threshold but does not cause propagated action potentials in meningeal afferents. TRPA1 agonists cause CGRP release from rodent dura mater. Peripheral TRPA1 receptors may have a pronociceptive function in trigeminal nociception only in combination with TRPV1.
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Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), which develops after the resolution of a herpes zoster eruption, is an exceptionally drug-resistant neuropathic pain. The unsatisfactory management of PHN partly results from the difficulty in dissecting out its contributing factors due to the complexity of PHN mechanism. ⋯ This study revealed the contribution of multiple patho-psychophysiological factors to PHN severity, which expanded our understanding of the underlying PHN mechanism, and helped develop a rational, patient-centred therapeutic strategy targeting towards the corresponding etiology and psychophysiological disorders for individual patient.
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Muscle pain may reorganize trunk muscle activity but interactions with exercise-related muscle fatigue and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is to be clarified. ⋯ Back muscle activity decreased during unilateral and increased during bilateral pain after unpredictable surface perturbations during muscle fatigue and DOMS. Accumulation effects of DOMS on pain intensity and spreading and trunk muscle activity after pain-induction.
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Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to be effective in the management of certain neuropathic pain conditions, however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated repetitive SCS in a rodent neuropathic pain model, revealing long-lasting and incremental attenuation of hyperalgesia and a mechanism of action involving endocannabinoids. ⋯ Alternative parameters for repetitive spinal cord stimulation (SCS) at 25/10 Hz elicit particularly long-lasting and incremental reversal of hyperalgesia in a neuropathic pain model through a mechanism involving endocannabinoids.