European journal of pain : EJP
-
It has been suggested that sensitization of the central nervous system plays an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic (pain) complaints experienced by whiplash patients. According to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was performed to screen and evaluate the existing clinical evidence for the presence of central sensitization in chronic whiplash. DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT: Predefined keywords regarding central sensitization and chronic whiplash were combined in electronic search engines PubMed and Web of Science. Full text clinical reports addressing studies of central sensitization in human adults with chronic complaints due to a whiplash trauma were included and reviewed on methodological quality by two independent reviewers. ⋯ Although the majority of the literature provides evidence for the presence of central sensitization in chronic whiplash, underlying mechanisms are still unclear and future studies with good methodological quality are necessary. In addition, international guidelines for the definition, clinical recognition, assessment and treatment of central sensitization are warranted.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models for duloxetine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.
Duloxetine is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor approved for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP). The current analyses aimed to identify and evaluate the effect of any significant covariates on DPNP treatment response, via the development of a continuous descriptive Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model for pain score reduction and a proportional odds PK/PD model describing the proportion of patients achieving pain relief. ⋯ Patients with more severe pain at study entry had larger treatment responses and were more likely to achieve clinically meaningful pain relief with similar amounts of drug, compared to patients with milder pain.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Reliability and validity of a continuous pain registration procedure.
Conventional pain rating scales [i.e. visual analogue scales (VAS) or numerical rating scales (NRS)] only provide a summary for different levels of pain felt, while the duration of these levels is not accounted for. If pain can be rated continuously, the area under the curve (AUC) of varying pain intensity over time can be calculated, which integrates varying pain intensity with duration. The present study examined the reproducibility and validity of a continuous pain rating procedure. ⋯ A continuous pain registration procedure, using an AUC approach, may be a promising direction to explore. Results can be improved by allowing more training on the use of the electronic VAS.
-
Epidemiological data about neuropathic pain are still scarce. A national survey, based on neurologic clinical diagnosis, was performed to determine its prevalence among patients attending pain clinics. ⋯ Definite (confirmed) neuropathic pain alone was as prevalent as neuropathic pain ascertained with screening questionnaires in prior recent European studies. The clinical relevance of the surplus of patients with potential and believed neuropathic pain ascertained by clinicians is uncertain.
-
We investigated the separate and joint effects of multi-site musculoskeletal pain and physical and psychosocial exposures at work on future work ability. ⋯ The decline in work ability connected with multi-site pain was not increased by exposure to adverse physical or psychosocial factors at work.