Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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Objective. This article presents an overview of the use of intrathecal bupivacaine (with and without opioid), focusing on laboratory data and clinical use for chronic pain. Some background on epidural use is included to support the intrathecal literature. ⋯ In addition, outcome studies are needed specifically to differentiate use of intrathecal bupivacaine based on the source and mechanism of pain. Conclusions. While there are few long-term randomized prospective studies at this point, we conclude that intrathecal bupivacaine appears to be a safe and efficacious treatment in both cancer and noncancer pain.
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Objective. This experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that intrathecally pumped saline, but not artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), would be analgesic in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Materials and Methods. ⋯ No analgesia was observed on tests of spontaneous pain or pressure hyperalgesia (p > 0.1). Conclusions. Intrathecally pumped saline and artificial CSF have analgesic effects on some neuropathic and normal, nociceptive pain signs in CCI rats.
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Objectives. The goal of this work is to study and develop an electrical integrated system that allows the control of the basic functions (such as micturition, defecation, and erection) by sacral root stimulation in paraplegic patients. Materials and Methods. ⋯ The architecture of the new stimulator, applied over the sacral roots, can be used to control the voiding of the bladder. The system allows an independent distance programmable stimulation. The impedance measurement circuit implemented allows an easy and systematic performance test.