Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump implantation for cerebral palsy (CP) patients is usually performed in the lateral position; however, it might be difficult for some patients with severe deformity to take a lateral position during surgery. ⋯ Our findings suggest that ITB therapy may be useful for CP patients with uncontrollable spasticity, dystonia, or opisthotonus who are not able to take a lateral position for pump implantation due to deformities of their extremities and spine.
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Models that simulate clinical conditions are needed to gain an understanding of the mechanism involved during spinal cord stimulation (SCS) treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. An animal model has been developed for continuous SCS in which animals that have been injured to develop neuropathic pain behavior were allowed to carry on with regular daily activities while being stimulated for 72 hours. ⋯ A continuous SCS model has been developed. Animals with neuropathic pain behavior that were continuously stimulated showed significant increase in withdrawal thresholds proportional to stimulation time.
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The aim of this review is to make specialists in a variety of disciplines familiar with basic aspects of spinal cord stimulation and the role of mathematical modeling in understanding its mechanisms of action and the solution of basic problems. ⋯ In particular the conclusions from several computer simulation studies are relevant and of interest to specialists in many disciplines.