Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · May 2009
Evaluation of the longus colli muscle in relation to stellate ganglion block.
The longus colli (LC) muscle is an important structure of the anterior cervical spine and has a critical role in stellate ganglion block. This technique involves withdrawing the needle to locate its port for injection above the anterior surface of the LC muscle; however, its exact thickness at the C5, C6, and C7 levels has not been measured. The aim of this anatomic and magnetic resonance-supported study was to evaluate the thickness of the LC muscle at these levels from the anterior tubercle of each vertebra toward the vertebral body at 5-, 10-, and 15-mm distances to provide precise anatomic data for stellate ganglion block. ⋯ We found a highly variable thickness of the LC muscle in anatomic and imaging studies, which may lead to negative block results.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · May 2009
Bicarbonate plus epinephrine shortens the onset and prolongs the duration of sciatic block using chloroprocaine followed by bupivacaine in sprague-dawley rats.
Chloroprocaine is a fast-acting local anesthetic, whereas bupivacaine is a long-acting one. They have been coadministered with limited success. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of additives on the efficacy of regional blockade using chloroprocaine followed by bupivacaine. ⋯ Sodium bicarbonate plus epinephrine shortens the onset and prolongs the duration of a chloroprocaine-bupivacaine sciatic block in Sprague-Dawley rats.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · May 2009
Comment Letter Case ReportsImmediate lipid emulsion therapy in the successful treatment of bupivacaine systemic toxicity.