Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
-
Reg Anesth Pain Med · Jul 2007
Biography Historical ArticleDag E. Selander, M.D., PH.D.: Labat lecturer 2006.
-
Reg Anesth Pain Med · Jul 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialMotor blocking minimum local anesthetic concentrations of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine in labor.
Adequate comparison of blocking capabilities of local anesthetics should be done with some knowledge of their relative potencies. The objective of this clinical trial was to simultaneously determine the motor blocking minimum local anesthetic concentrations (MMLAC) and the relative potency ratios for racemic bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine during labor. ⋯ This study confirms a motor blocking hierarchy for the three pipecoloxylidines.
-
Reg Anesth Pain Med · Jul 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyDyloject, a novel injectable diclofenac formulation, offers greater safety and efficacy than voltarol for postoperative dental pain.
Voltarol for injection (a diclofenac sodium formulation employing polyethylene glycol and benzyl alcohol [PG-BA] as excipients) is marketed in Europe but not in North America. A suspension, PG-BA diclofenac sodium, requires preparation for each patient and slow IV infusion to minimize venous irritation. Dyloject, a novel diclofenac formulation, employs hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) to solubilize diclofenac in a small volume. We compared the efficacy and safety of an IV HPbetaCD diclofenac sodium bolus, a 30-minute PG-BA diclofenac sodium infusion, and placebo in post-molar extraction pain. ⋯ IV bolus HPbetaCD diclofenac sodium produced analgesia more quickly than, and with equal duration as, the 30-minute PG-BA diclofenac sodium infusion. Pooled data on thrombophlebitis from the present investigation and our prior studies of the novel formulation indicate this adverse effect is less frequent and less severe with HPbetaCD diclofenac sodium than with PG-BA diclofenac sodium.
-
Reg Anesth Pain Med · Jul 2007
ReviewShould we add clonidine to local anesthetic for peripheral nerve blockade? A qualitative systematic review of the literature.
Although clonidine has been shown to prolong analgesia in central neuraxial blocks, its use in peripheral nerve blocks remains controversial. We performed a systematic review of the current literature to determine the benefit of adding clonidine to peripheral nerve blocks. ⋯ Clonidine improves duration of analgesia and anesthesia when used as an adjunct to intermediate-acting local anesthetics for some peripheral nerve blocks. Side-effects appear to be limited at doses up to 150 mug. Evidence is lacking for the use of clonidine as an adjunct to local anesthetics for continuous catheter techniques. Further research is required to examine the peripheral analgesic mechanism of clonidine.