Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Sep 2006
Case ReportsGanglionic local opioid application (GLOA) for treatment of chronic headache and facial pain.
This report describes the effects of ganglionic local opioid application (GLOA) in patients with chronic headache and persistent idiopathic facial pain. ⋯ These results support the theory of sympathetically mediated pain in the head and face, the presence of opioid receptors on the sympathetic ganglia, and a possible beneficial role of opioids in modulation of this process. To our knowledge, this case series is the first case series in the English literature of the use of GLOA at the stellate ganglion for head-and-face pain.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Sep 2006
Ultrastructure of canine meninges after repeated epidural injection of S(+)-ketamine.
The safety of ketamine when administered by the spinal route must be confirmed in various animal species before it is approved for use in humans. This study evaluates the ultrastructure of canine meninges after repeated doses of epidural S(+)-ketamine. ⋯ Repeated doses of epidural S(+)-ketamine 5%, 1 mg/kg, twice a day for 10 days was not associated to cellular alterations in canine meninges.