Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
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J Clin Monit Comput · Oct 2017
ReviewA systematic review of near real-time and point-of-care clinical decision support in anesthesia information management systems.
Anesthesia information management systems (AIMS) are sophisticated hardware and software technology solutions that can provide electronic feedback to anesthesia providers. This feedback can be tailored to provide clinical decision support (CDS) to aid clinicians with patient care processes, documentation compliance, and resource utilization. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles on near real-time and point-of-care CDS within AIMS using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. ⋯ Of these categories, the reviewers graded perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and clinical documentation as having strong evidence per the peer reviewed literature. There is strong evidence for the inclusion of near real-time and point-of-care CDS in AIMS to enhance compliance with perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and clinical documentation. Additional research is needed in many other areas of AIMS-based CDS.
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J Clin Monit Comput · Oct 2017
A delayed functional observer/predictor with bounded-error for depth of hypnosis monitoring.
With the motivation of providing safety for a patient under anesthesia, this paper suggests conditions for evaluating the correctness of an available user interface for systems under shared control based on observability and predictability requirements. Situation awareness is necessary for the user to make correct decisions about the inputs. In this article, we develop a technique to investigate the conditions under which an anesthetists can attain situation awareness about a limited but important aspect of anesthesia, namely depth of hypnosis (DOH). ⋯ Hence, attaining situation awareness about DOH is modeled as a bounded-error delayed functional observation/prediction. Unless such an observer/predictor exists for a system with a given user-interface, the safety of the operation may be compromised. The suggested technique proves that, in order to provide safety for the patient under anesthesia, it is necessary for the anesthetist to have access to the predictive information from a clinical decision support system.
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J Clin Monit Comput · Oct 2017
Prediction of inspired oxygen fraction for targeted arterial oxygen tension following open heart surgery in non-smoking and smoking patients.
Simple and accurate expressions describing the PaO2-FiO2 relationship in mechanically ventilated patients are lacking. The current study aims to validate a novel mathematical expression for accurate prediction of the fraction of inspired oxygen that will result in a targeted arterial oxygen tension in non-smoking and smoking patients receiving mechanical ventilation following open heart surgeries. One hundred PaO2-FiO2 data pairs were obtained from 25 non-smoking patients mechanically ventilated following open heart surgeries. ⋯ Also, significant correlations were seen between the true and estimated PaO2/FiO2 ratios in non-smoking (r2 = 0.9530; p < 0.05) and smoking (r2 = 0.9675; p < 0.05) patients. Tight biases between the true and estimated PaO2/FiO2 ratios for non-smoking (-18 mmHg) and smoking (-16 mmHg) patients were also observed. The new mathematical expression for the description of the PaO2-FiO2 relationship is valid and accurate in non-smoking and smoking patients who are receiving mechanical ventilation for post cardiac surgery.
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J Clin Monit Comput · Oct 2017
Plasma sodium measurements by direct ion selective methods in laboratory and point of care may not be clinically interchangeable.
An estimated 25 % of indirect ion selective electrode (ISE) ICU plasma sodium measurements differ from corresponding direct ISE values by at least 4 mmol/L, the dominant factor being indirect ISE over-estimation driven by hypoproteinemia. Since direct measurements are considered unaffected by protein concentrations, we investigated whether direct ISE plasma sodium measurements in the laboratory and at point of care in ICU show sufficient agreement to be clinically interchangeable. From a 5 year clinical chemistry database, 9910 ICU plasma samples were assessed for agreement between direct ISE sodium measurements in ICU (ABL 700) and in the central laboratory (Vitros Fusion). ⋯ Small negative Vitros-ABL differences associated with low plasma protein concentrations were reversed at high protein concentrations. Disagreement between plasma sodium concentrations monitored by two common direct ISE analyzers was substantially less than reported between direct and indirect ISE devices, although a protein influence of low clinical importance persisted. Disagreement was sufficient to jeopardize safe interchangeable interpretation in situations with a low tolerance for imprecision, such as hyponatremia correction.
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J Clin Monit Comput · Oct 2017
Implementation of a novel postoperative monitoring system using automated Modified Early Warning Scores (MEWS) incorporating end-tidal capnography.
Modified Early Warning Scores (MEWS) provide real-time vital sign (VS) trending and reduce ICU admissions in post-operative patients. These early warning calculations classically incorporate oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and temperature but have not previously included end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), more recently identified as an independent predictor of critical illness. These systems may be subject to failure when physiologic data is incorrectly measured, leading to false alarms and increased workload. ⋯ Further study is needed to evaluate its clinical utility, including an end-tidal CO2 score, is feasibly implemented and can be useful in monitoring select post-operative patients for derangements in physiologic metrics. Like any other monitoring system, false alarms may occur at high rates. While further study is needed to determine the additive utility of EtCO2 in MEWS calculations, this study suggests utility of EtCO2 in select post-operative patients.