Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
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This study examined whether history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with increased risk and earlier onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Subjects with MCI (n = 3,187) and normal cognition (n = 3,244) were obtained from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database. TBI was categorized based on lifetime reported TBI with loss of consciousness (LOC) without chronic deficit. ⋯ This association, however, was largely attenuated (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.94-1.37; p = 0.18) after adjustment for reported history of depression. MCI was diagnosed a mean of 2.3 years earlier (p < 0.001) in the TBI+ group, and although TBI+ subjects had an estimated mean of decline 1.7 years earlier, clinician-estimated age of onset failed to differ (p = 0.13) when gender and psychiatric factors were controlled. This is the first report of a possible role for TBI as a risk factor in MCI, but its association may be related to other factors such as gender and depression and requires further investigation.
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Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β 1-40 (Aβ40) and amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ42) and increased total and phosphorylated tau (t-tau, p-tau) concentrations have been described in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). ⋯ CSF biomarkers profile similar to that of CAA was observed in CAA-I (with even lower levels of Aβ42 compared to CAA). Based on our findings, high p-tau seems more specific for AD, whereas low Aβ42 differentiates CAA-I from CAA, PACNS, and controls, and low Aβ40 differentiates CAA-I from AD.
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The contribution of cerebral small vessel disease to cognitive decline, especially in non-Caucasian populations, is not well established. ⋯ Frontal lacunar infarcts are associated with MCR in Indian seniors, perhaps, by contributing to slow gait and poor memory function.
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Dementia severity can be modeled as the construct δ, representing the "cognitive correlates of functional status." ⋯ Using δ as an estimate of dementia severity fits well within a structural model in which AD pathology directly affects dementia severity and mediates the relationship between age and APOE genotype on dementia severity.
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The language profile of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) remains to be fully defined. ⋯ bvFTD is associated with a language profile including verbal semantic impairment that warrants further evaluation as a novel biomarker.