Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology
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Congenital infection with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of morbidity, including sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), in newborns. Antiviral therapy with ganciclovir (GCV) and its oral prodrug, valganciclovir (VAL-GCV) are increasingly being administered to infected infants, toward the goal of improving neurodevelopmental and auditory outcomes. In this case report, we describe a symptomatic congenitally infected infant treated with VAL-GCV in whom GCV resistance was suspected, based on a 50-fold increase in viral load after 6 weeks of oral therapy. ⋯ In contrast, analysis of viral DNA retrieved from the newborn dried blood spot demonstrated wild-type UL97 sequences. DNAemia resolved after the discontinuation of VAL-GCV. Long-term VAL-GCV therapy in congenitally infected infants can select for resistant viral variants, and anticipatory virological monitoring may be warranted.
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Review Meta Analysis
Risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving rituximab-chemotherapy: a meta-analysis.
The addition of Rituximab to standard chemotherapy (C) has been reported to improve the end of treatment outcome in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients. Nevertheless, rituximab has been associated with hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV-R). ⋯ Rituximab therapy may increase the risk of developing HBV-R in NHL patients with HBcAb(+).
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JC virus (JCV) infection is a prerequisite for development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The development and validation of a two-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects JCV antibodies in human serum or plasma and its clinical utility for stratification of PML risk have been described. ⋯ The validated second-generation JCV antibody ELISA offers improved assay design as a kit and enhanced performance characteristics that advance routine clinical use of the assay as a PML risk stratification tool.
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Rapid etiological diagnosis of a respiratory virus infection may have impact on antiviral and antibiotic therapy, patient cohorting, and prediction of the clinical course. Most point-of-care tests for detection of respiratory viruses have limitations in diagnostic performance and clinical usability. A novel, multianalyte point-of-care antigen detection test system (mariPOC(®); ArcDia International Oy Ltd., Turku, Finland) detects eight respiratory viruses (influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, and parainfluenza type 1, 2, and 3 viruses) from a single nasopharyngeal swab specimen by a fully automated, random-access immunoassay method. ⋯ This novel point-of-care test system is a rapid, practical, and specific method for simultaneous detection of eight respiratory viruses. Compared with RT-PCR, its sensitivity is moderately high for detection of RSV and influenza viruses, and low for adenovirus.
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The relative impact of human rhino/enteroviruses (HRV/EV) compared to influenza viruses on hospitalized children is unknown. ⋯ HRV/EVs are common pathogens in hospitalized children associated with serious lower respiratory tract disease and significant morbidity, similar to influenza viruses.