Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
-
The isolated island nation of Madagascar has substantial prevalence of both smoking and smokeless tobacco use, although not of dual use. Madagascar's tobacco market, much like its historical and cultural underpinnings, appears to have both Asian and African influences. Additionally, it has a unique market structure that plays an important role in influencing patterns of tobacco use. This study analyzes the determinants of smoking and smokeless tobacco use in Madagascar. ⋯ Distinct market-based, geographic, and socioeconomic disparities in tobacco use are explored in order to begin the classification of Madagascar's tobacco epidemic as more African, more Asian, or as a distinctly different environment.
-
We studied the impact of cigarette excise taxes on the rates of smoking cessation with data from 3 neighboring Eastern European countries (Russia, Poland, and Ukraine) during the post-transitional period of the 1990s and 2000s. ⋯ Cigarette tax increases have played a significant role in driving smoking cessation in Poland, Russia, and Ukraine. Further increases in cigarette excise taxes are likely to encourage further cessation and thus impact the prevalence of smoking in the region.
-
The prevalence of home smoking bans in the United States has increased overtime, but educational disparities have persisted. Little research has explored potential associations between tobacco control policies and disparities by socioeconomic status in home smoking bans. We examined educational disparities in home smoking bans in the United States from 1995 to 2007 and investigated the association between these disparities and statewide tobacco control policies, including cigarette taxes, smoke-free air laws, and media campaigns. ⋯ More vigorous tobacco control policies at the state level may help promote the adoption of home smoking bans and reduce educational disparities in these protective behaviors.
-
To determine if smoking cessation counseling practices and related psychosocial characteristics improved among pharmacists between 2005 and 2010. ⋯ Smoking cessation counseling for patients ready to quit improved from 2005 to 2010 among female pharmacists but not among male pharmacists. Training is generally associated with improved counseling and improved cessation-related psychosocial characteristics.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Mobile contingency management as an adjunctive smoking cessation treatment for smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) smoke at higher prevalence rates and are more likely to relapse early in a quit attempt. Innovative methods are needed to enhance quit rates, particularly in the early quit period. Web-based contingency-management (CM) approaches have been found helpful in reducing smoking among other difficult-to-treat smoker populations but are limited by the need for computers. This pilot study builds on the web-based CM approach by evaluating a smartphone-based application for CM named mobile CM (mCM). ⋯ mCM may be a useful adjunctive smoking cessation treatment component for reducing smoking among smokers with PTSD, particularly early in a smoking quit attempt.