Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
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Standardized machine smoking measurements are poor predictors of exposure. We have refined a method using the solanesol deposited in discarded cigarette butts as a marker for estimating deliveries of mainstream smoke constituents. Developing a fast and accurate method for measuring solanesol in cigarette filters to assess tobacco smoke intake could provide a way to assess how people smoke under natural conditions. We have developed and validated a new, lower-cost, high-throughput method to measure the solanesol content in discarded cigarette filter butts and correlated these measurements with mainstream smoke deliveries of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). ⋯ We believe that this method provides excellent versatility and throughput for the estimation of mouth-level exposure to a wide range of toxins in cigarette smoke under naturalistic conditions. In addition, this method allows a far more accurate measure of exposure both from a single cigarette as well as from daily smoking.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Sustained-release bupropion for hospital-based smoking cessation: a randomized trial.
Bupropion is a first-line pharmacological aid for smoking cessation; however, no clinical trials have been conducted in a general population of hospitalized smokers. ⋯ The addition of sustained-release bupropion to counseling did not increase quit rates, but the study was underpowered. Because of the secular trend toward shorter hospital stays, recruitment was very difficult, raising questions regarding the feasibility of future hospital-based smoking cessation trials and interventions.
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Outdoor smoke-free areas have been adopted increasingly in North America, Britain, Ireland, Australasia, and elsewhere. Their use appears to be one of the frontier areas of tobacco control development. We briefly reviewed the available reports on public attitudes about smoke-free public outdoor areas. ⋯ Given the recent increase in outdoor smoking restrictions in many developed countries and the growing recognition of the importance of reducing smoking role models for children, this area needs further research related to attitudes and policy evaluation. Given the levels of public support, policy makers in some jurisdictions appear to have an opportunity to establish smoke-free outdoor public places, at least in areas frequented by children.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Smokeless tobacco cessation in military personnel: a randomized controlled trial.
Military personnel are twice as likely as civilians to use smokeless tobacco (ST). This study evaluated the efficacy of a minimal-contact ST cessation program in military personnel. ⋯ These results indicate that a minimal-contact behavioral treatment can significantly reduce ST use in military personnel and has the potential for widespread dissemination. If ST users were identified in dental visits and routinely referred to telephone counseling, this could have a substantial benefit for the health and well-being of military personnel.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in adult smokers switched to carbon-filtered cigarettes in short-term and long-term clinical studies.
Cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol that includes a gas vapor phase and a particulate phase. Inclusion of activated carbon in the cigarette filter can reduce some of the gas-phase smoke constituents implicated as toxicologically relevant. The present study evaluated exposure to selected gas-phase constituents when adult smokers switched to prototype cigarettes with a highly activated carbon filter. ⋯ The reductions continued consistently (p<.001) throughout the long-term studies. Switching to test cigarettes minimally affected the particulate-phase biomarkers. Statistically significant and consistent reductions in selected gas vapor phase biomarkers were observed when smokers switched to activated carbon filter cigarettes.