Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Aug 2002
Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialPharmacokinetics of valganciclovir and ganciclovir in renal impairment.
Valganciclovir is the oral prodrug of ganciclovir. The pharmacokinetics of valganciclovir in patients with renal impairment is not known. Furthermore, it is not known whether there are any pharmacokinetic differences between patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) and healthy subjects. ⋯ The dosage of valganciclovir has to be adjusted to the degree of renal impairment. Dosage adjustment is not necessary for HIV/CMV-positive patients.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Aug 2002
Pharmacokinetic modeling to predict morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide plasma concentrations in healthy young volunteers.
This investigation focused on the development of a predictive model of morphine, including morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) for healthy young volunteers after morphine administration. ⋯ Two models are provided that can predict plasma concentrations of morphine and M6G with acceptable accuracy in healthy young volunteers.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jul 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialIn vivo selectivity of a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor in the oral surgery model.
Prostanoids formed by cyclooxygenase play an important role in pain and the induction of inflammation. It is generally believed that COX-1 is constitutively expressed, whereas COX-2 is primarily inducible during inflammation. This study examined the in vivo selectivity of celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, and evaluated whether estimates of selectivity that are based on in vitro and ex vivo analyses are reliable indicators of in vivo selectivity. ⋯ The suppression of products of COX-2 coincident with pain suppression and the absence of COX-1 inhibition suggest that celecoxib is a relatively selective COX-2 inhibitor in vivo.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · May 2002
Comparative StudyPharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study of oral lansoprazole in children.
We investigated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of lansoprazole in children after single and multiple administrations. ⋯ Lansoprazole was well tolerated in children. After a single oral dose of 30 mg per 1.73 m(2), there was a trend for the elimination to be higher in infants than in adults and the antisecretory effect appeared to be higher in infants younger than 6 months than in older children and adults.