Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Aug 2000
Pharmacokinetics of landiolol hydrochloride, a new ultra-short-acting beta-blocker, in patients with cardiac arrhythmias.
To elucidate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of landiolol hydrochloride, newer developed ultra-short-acting beta-blocker, in patients with various cardiac tachyarrhythmias. ⋯ Landiolol hydrochloride has a shorter elimination half-life than any other beta-blocker, and it can be administered safely to patients with various tachyarrhythmias.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jun 2000
Validation of techniques for the prediction of carboplatin exposure: application of Bayesian methods.
Several methods have been developed for the prediction of carboplatin exposure to facilitate pharmacokinetic guided dosing. The aim of this study was to develop and validate sparse data Bayesian methods for the estimation of carboplatin exposure and to validate other commonly applied techniques, such as the Chatelut formula, the Sorensen limited sampling model, and the Calvert formula, in which glomerular filtration rate was estimated with the Cockcroft-Gault, the Jelliffe, and the recently proposed Wright formulas. ⋯ The applicability of a Bayesian method for the prediction of the carboplatin exposure by use of one or two samples without the necessity for exact timing of infusion duration and sampling was demonstrated. The Bayesian method may be very instrumental to execute pharmacokinetic guided dosing for carboplatin.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · May 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPhysostigmine reversal of midazolam-induced electroencephalographic changes in healthy subjects.
Midazolam is a water-soluble benzodiazepine. Flumazenil is a potent antagonist of midazolam-induced sedation. Physostigmine has also been shown to reverse benzodiazepine sedation in anecdotal reports. The aim of this study was to quantitatively characterize the reversal of midazolam-induced changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) by physostigmine compared to flumazenil and placebo. ⋯ Physostigmine and flumazenil antagonized midazolam-induced sedation. This suggests that a reversible central anticholinergic mechanism may be involved in the sedative action of midazolam.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Apr 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEffects of enteric-coated methylnaltrexone in preventing opioid-induced delay in oral-cecal transit time.
Methylnaltrexone is the first peripheral opioid receptor antagonist. It has the potential to prevent or reverse the peripherally mediated gastrointestinal effects of opioids. In previous human volunteer trials, we demonstrated that oral uncoated methylnaltrexone prevented morphine-induced delay in gastrointestinal transit time. ⋯ Our results suggest that there is a prevailing direct and local luminal effect of enteric-coated methylnaltrexone and that the enteric-coated formulation exerts its gut pharmacologic actions more efficiently than the uncoated formulation.
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Recently the value of vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring, as well as the required therapeutic range, has been subject of debate, resulting in new recommendations. This study was performed to incorporate these new insights in an up-to-date dosing scheme for neonates of various gestational ages. ⋯ The use of the proposed schedule leads to adequate vancomycin trough serum concentrations, and there is no need for routine monitoring of peak serum concentrations.