Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift für Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete
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Abstract
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Abstract
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Abstract
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Patients often experience positive (placebo) or negative (nocebo) treatment effects due to the positive or negative expectations they have about the treatment. Placebo and nocebo effects have only relatively recently received attention for itch. ⋯ Substantial itch reductions in the placebo arms of clinical trials suggest that placebo effects are also important for clinical practice. In this article, an overview is given of how placebo and nocebo effects on itch can optimally be used in research and for the treatment of itch.
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On a pathophysiological level, angioedema can be differentiated into histamine- and bradykinin-mediated types. The prototype drug-associated, bradykinin-mediated form of angioedema is angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-induced angioedema. The hypothesized cause is a decrease in bradykinin degradation via ACE inhibition. ⋯ An increased risk of angioedema has also been reported for other drugs, particularly when prescribed in combination with ACE inhibitors. Here, the suspected cause also relates to the degradation of bradykinin. When angioedema arises within the context of concomitant ACE inhibitor use, additive bradykinin degradation effects may be implicated.