Diseases of the colon and rectum
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More than 450,000 US patients with end-stage renal disease currently dialyze. The risk of morbidity and mortality for these patients after colorectal surgery has been incompletely described. ⋯ Chronic dialysis patients undergoing elective or emergent colorectal procedures have a higher risk-adjusted mortality.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of Open, Laparoscopic, and Robotic Colectomies Using a Large National Database: Outcomes and Trends Related to Surgery Center Volume.
Previous studies have shown that high-volume centers and laparoscopic techniques improve outcomes of colectomy. These evidence-based measures have been slow to be accepted, and current trends are unknown. In addition, the current rates and outcomes of robotic surgery are unknown. ⋯ Our results show that the majority of colectomies in the United States are still performed open, although rates of laparoscopy continue to increase. There is a trend toward increased volume of laparoscopic procedures at specialty centers. The role of robotics is still being defined, in light of higher cost, lack of clinical benefit, and increased iatrogenic complications, albeit comparable overall complications, as compared with laparoscopic colectomy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Stage-Dependent Frequency of Lymph Node Metastases in Patients With Rectal Carcinoma After Preoperative Chemoradiation: Results from the CAO/ARO/AIO-94 Trial and From a Comparative Prospective Evaluation With Extensive Pathological Workup.
For patients with ycT1/2 rectal carcinomas after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, local excision instead of radical surgery has increasingly been discussed as a way to avoid postoperative morbidity associated with radical surgery. ⋯ Even in good responders (ypT1/2), >20% of rectal carcinomas still harbored residual lymph node metastases. Local excision for patients with ycT1/2 rectal cancers would, thus, miss metastases in a considerable percentage and might involve the risk of significant undertreatment in a number of patients.
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Anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery raises the problem of the timing of diverting stoma reversal. ⋯ In the great majority of patients with persistent anastomotic leakage at 6 months after total mesorectal excision, stoma reversal can be safely performed.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Early Outcomes of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Colorectal Neoplasms According to Clinical Indications.
Although endoscopic submucosal dissection has been shown to be safe and effective for colorectal tumors, its clinical outcomes vary. ⋯ Outcomes of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection were acceptable in selected patients, with no difference in outcomes according to clinical indications. Because submucosal fibrosis can increase complications, it should be minimized before endoscopic submucosal dissection.