Indian J Med Res
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder predominantly affecting women of reproductive age. Clinical manifestations are diverse including hyperandrogenism, anovulation, infertility and increased risk of metabolic diseases besides psychosocial dysfunction. This review provides information on the problem of PCOS in India, its pathophysiology, genetics and an overview of current management options to instigate further research in this field. ⋯ Many candidate gene studies have shown associations with PCOS in various studies. Studies have consistently demonstrated the relationship between the well-known manifestation of hyperandrogenism among Indian PCOS women and the metabolic morbidities including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and cardiovascular risk. Management of individual components of PCOS can be achieved by medications or surgical methods, though further clarification regarding pathogenesis of PCOS is needed to sharpen our therapeutic armamentarium.
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The human gut is home to a myriad of organisms. While some are harmless commensals, others are transient, pathogenic flora. ⋯ The diversity of this gut resistome is influenced by various environmental factors including the diet and antibiotic exposure. This review highlights the recent concepts pertaining to the human gut resistome, factors affecting it, how it impacts human health and diseases, methods to study the resistome and potential therapeutic approaches.
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The major limiting factor in the prevention of suicide is the limited knowledge on molecular insights in individuals at risk. Identification of peripheral protein markers which can classify individuals at high-risk of suicide might aid in early diagnosis and effective medical intervention. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to analyze the differential regulation of plasma proteins in individuals with deliberate self-harm compared to controls. ⋯ Apo A-IV, which plays a crucial role in the esterification of free cholesterol, was found to be downregulated with concomitantly decreased levels of HDL, esterified cholesterol and total cholesterol in individuals with deliberate self-harm compared to matched controls. The present findings might provide a link between the differential regulation of plasma proteins and the previously reported results on altered cholesterol levels in individuals with deliberate self-harm.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of laboratory-developed test & validated assay of programmed death ligand-1 immunohistochemistry in non-small-cell lung carcinoma.
Inhibitors of immune checkpoint regulators, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), improve outcome in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Tumours expressing PD-L1 protein are more likely to benefit from this targeted therapy. Multiple concurrent clinical trials evaluating different anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies have validated five different immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays using varied antibody clones and staining conditions. This study was aimed at identification of a single harmonized PD-L1 assay for tumour tissue conservation and cost-effectiveness in patients with NSCLC. ⋯ The study findings suggested that LDT using SP142 clone showed only moderate concordance with SP263 Ventana assay, and the two assays were not interchangeable. More such validation studies need to be done to generate information that can complement patient therapy in cases of NSCLC.
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Cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. The aim of the present study was to investigate anticataractogenic effect of betaine in chick embryo hydrocortisone (HC)-induced cataract model. ⋯ The present results show beneficial anti-cataract and anti-oxidant effects of 0.25 μmol/egg betaine on HC-induced cataract in the chick embryo.