Indian J Med Res
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Cognitive and other neurodegenerative conditions related to ageing have become public health priorities in low- and middle-income countries. However, contextually based, applied research to support the development of awareness, diagnosis and care pathways for people with dementia in South Asia is still largely undeveloped. This study was aimed to use applied research studies for dementia in South Asia as exemplars of how individual-level capacity and capability building for dementia research can be achieved. ⋯ Embedding capacity and capability building in applied dementia research in South Asia fosters the sustainability of dementia research, which is essential in developing diagnostic and care pathways.
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Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a chemosensitive malignancy with an excellent cure rate. The primary objective of the present study was to determine the predictors of chemoresistance and disease relapse, and the secondary objective was to appraise the WHO/FIGO risk scoring and course of disease in women with GTN. ⋯ WHO risk score and presence of metastatic disease predict the probability of developing chemotherapy resistance and disease relapse. Risk of chemotherapy resistance was higher in women with intermediate-risk score (5-6), and risk of relapse was more in those with ultra-high risk score (≥13).
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Due to limited information available on the frequency and spectrum of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations in congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD) in Indian population, it is difficult to provide accurate genetic counselling to couples. The present study was undertaken to investigate the spectrum and frequency of CFTR gene mutations in Indian men with CBAVD and to determine the female CF carrier status. ⋯ The heterogeneous spectrum of CFTR gene in Indian population suggests the necessity of screening CBAVD men and female partners for accurate genetic counselling prior to undergoing ICSI.
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Oxidative stress can cause many diseases and increases the risk of post-operative complications in children with congenital heart disease. For these reasons, this study was aimed to investigate the differences between cyanotic and acyanotic paediatric patients who underwent heart surgery with markers of oxidative stress. ⋯ Cyanotic and younger patients were found to be more vulnerable to oxidative stress. The increased levels of TBARS and the decreased levels of GSH could be the indicators of oxidative damage depending on many factors such as surgery, CPB, ischaemia/reperfusion, inflammation, iron overload and oxygenation. The level of oxygenation does not cause a noticeable difference in oxidative stress. CPB causes oxidative stress, but if it is conducted appropriately, the duration of CPB does not cause a significant negative impact on oxidative stress.
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Oxidative stress is known to have a causal role in hypertension. Klotho has emerged as a novel anti-aging molecule to inhibit oxidative stress at cellular level. This study aimed at evaluating the gene expression of klotho and antioxidative enzymes, manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and catalase, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of essential hypertensive patients as compared to normotensive healthy controls. ⋯ In the present study on newly diagnosed hypertensives, klotho and catalase gene expression were found to be significantly lower as compared to controls, indicating the role of oxidative stress in this patient group. In addition, a significant correlation between Klotho and catalase gene expression suggests a role for klotho in essential hypertension with respect to antioxidant defence.