Indian J Med Res
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Background & objectives Tuberculosis (TB) control programmes routinely use indicators like incidence and mortality. A single indicator, like disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) may yield a more comprehensive burden estimate. This study attempted to estimate the state and district-specific TB burden in Kerala. ⋯ Ernakulam and Thrissur districts had the highest burden and Idukki had the least burden. Interpretation & conclusions DALYs estimates for Kerala showed an increasing trend before 2020, which could be due to the increased efforts to detect TB as part of the elimination drive. The study points towards the need for using DALYs as a measure for prioritizing districts for resource allocation.
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Oncogenes play a crucial part in human cancer development, and when particular drugs obstruct the proteins produced by these oncogenes, the tumoural process can be ceased. For instance, in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), all pathological traits are associated with a single oncogene, BCR-ABL1. CML is a triphasic cancerous disorder of haematopoietic stem cells, marked by a balanced translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, leading to the genesis of a Philadelphia chromosome encompassing the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. ⋯ The persistent challenges posed by CML have motivated researchers to seek innovative strategies for its eradication, such as the application of the genome editing tool CRISPR/Cas9. This review provides insights into existing CML diagnoses, treatment modalities, resistance mechanisms, drugs under trial phases and new potential therapeutic drugs. Furthermore, the review looks ahead to a visionary perspective wherein the CRISPR/Cas9 approach holds the potential to evolve into a prospective curative measure for CML.