Indian J Med Res
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Biography Historical Article
Cleanliness: Success in Water Borne Diseases.
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Inflammatory processes are a recognized feature of atherosclerotic lesions. Ranolazine inhibits the inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, interleukins-1 and -6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of anti-inflammatory activity of ranolazine in acute and sub-acute models of inflammation in rats and compare the same with that of control (gum acacia 1%) and aspirin (standard anti-inflammatory drug). ⋯ Ranolazine demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in acute and subacute models of inflammation and needs further evaluation for its use in reducing atherosclerosis.
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Postpartum uterine infections such as metritis, endometritis and mastitis have been considered as underlying causes for ovarian dysfunction in mammals. Almost all mammals, particularly dairy animals are susceptible to postpartum uterine infections, resulting in impaired fertility and economic loss. One of the factors for low fertility in females is ovarian dysfunction, which is exhibited as impaired growth and function of ovarian follicles by the postpartum infection. ⋯ Genome-wide transcriptomic approaches explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune function of buffalo granulosa cells during endotoxin exposure. Understanding the molecular mechanism of ovarian dysfunction due to uterine infection would be helpful to implement various strategies to handle the adverse effects of postpartum uterine disease on fertility by developing potential therapeutics. Therefore, this article focuses on key factors that are responsible for postpartum infection and particularly summarizes the molecular mechanism of infection underlying the ovarian dysfunction in dairy animals.
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Review
Carcinogenicity of smokeless tobacco: Evidence from studies in humans & experimental animals.
A Working Group of the Monographs programme of the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified smokeless tobacco as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). This review article summarizes the data that support the evaluations of sufficient evidence in humans and in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of smokeless tobacco whether used alone or with betel quid. ⋯ The epidemiological evidence is summarized for oral cancer, other cancers associated with smokeless tobacco and oral potentially malignant lesions with a focus on analytical studies from the SEARO Region. Studies on cancer in experimental animals are summarized with a focus on studies applying smokeless tobacco products typical for the regions, such as mishri and naswar.