Indian J Med Res
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Studies have shown that apart from hereditary breast carcinomas, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) mutations conferring to its loss are seen in sporadic breast carcinomas (SBC) as well. The aim of the present study was to assess BRCA1 methylation in females presenting at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, with SBC by both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and methylation PCR with respect to hormonal profile and various morphological prognostic parameters. The primary objective was to look for the association between BRCA1 protein expression and DNA promoter methylation. ⋯ Study results highlight the concept of "BRCAness" in SBC as well. Hence, we can confer that identification of BRCA1 loss in SBC can make it a perfect candidate for poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors or cisplatin-based therapy like hereditary ones.
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Readmissions are often considered as an indicator of poor quality of care during previous hospitalization, although many of these are unavoidable or unrelated to the past admission. The identification of high-risk cases for readmissions and appropriate interventions will help not only reduce the hospital burden but also to establish the credibility of the hospital. So this study aimed to determine the readmission percentage in the paediatric wards of a tertiary care hospital and to identify the reasons and risk factors that can help minimize preventable re-hospitalizations. ⋯ The findings of this study suggest that readmissions pose a substantial burden on the hospital services. The primary disease process and certain sociodemographic factors are the major determinants for the increased risk of readmissions among paediatric patients.
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Observational Study
Clinical characteristics & severity profile of children with COVID-19 during the second wave pandemic: An experience from tertiary care hospital in Mumbai.
This retrospective observational study was aimed at defining the demographic and clinical characteristics as well as severity profile of COVID-19 disease in children admitted to dedicated COVID-19 tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India, during the second wave. COVID-19 infection detected in children (1 month-12 years) by the rapid antigen test or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction or TRUENAT from March 1 to July 31, 2021 on throat/nasopharyngeal samples were enrolled and their clinical features and outcomes were studied. During the study period, 77 children with COVID-19 infection were admitted, of whom two-third (59.7%) were <5 yr old. ⋯ Admission to intensive care was needed in 20 (25.9%) patients, with 13 patients needing invasive ventilation. Nine patients succumbed while 68 were discharged. The results might help understand the course, severity profile and outcomes of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the paediatric population.
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Tuberculosis, most commonly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is an infectious bacterial disease, with a major impact on global health. In this study, immunohistochemistry (IHC), acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, techniques were compared on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial washings (BW) with respect to sensitivity and specificity for detecting mycobacteria, taking culture as the gold standard. ⋯ Comparison with AFB culture (gold standard), IHC was found to be superior to ZN stain in terms of sensitivity, whereas ZN stain was found to be superior to IHC in terms of specificity. These findings therefore suggest that IHC may be a useful adjunct to ZN stain in the detection of mycobacteria in specimens from the respiratory tract.