J Emerg Med
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Comparative Study
Microscopic hematuria and calculus-related ureteral obstruction.
The evaluation of patients with ureteral calculi in the emergency department has historically included urinalysis (UA) and intravenous pyelograms (IVP). This retrospective study was done to determine if a statistically significant relationship existed between the degree of calculus-related ureteral obstruction, proven by IVP, and the presence or absence of microscopic hematuria. Urine red blood cells were recorded as less than 3 rbc/hpf (negative) or greater than or equal to 3 rbc/hpf (positive). ⋯ Of the 28 patients with normal UAs, 11 had severe ureteral obstructions and 17 had nonsevere ureteral obstructions. There were no statistically significant differences between the presence or absence of significant microscopic hematuria and the presence or absence of severe ureteral obstruction. Microscopic hematuria is neither sensitive nor specific in determining the degree of calculus-related ureteral obstruction.
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Emergency Medical Services are an area of special interest in emergency medicine. Many emergency physicians are called upon to direct, train, or manage emergency medical services. Residents training in emergency medicine have a need for a defined curriculum in emergency medical services. ⋯ The resident must gain experience through on-scene observation, EMT/Paramedic education, medical direction, and quality assurance activities. This paper is one in a continuing series of goals and objectives to direct resident training in off-service rotations. Specific resources, learning objectives, and experiences are suggested.
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Historical Article
The beginnings of urban ambulance service in the United States and England.
Urban ambulance systems emerged in the second half of the 19th century as an outgrowth of military experiences in both Europe and America. Developing first in cities such as Cleveland and New York, these systems quickly adapted to the urban environment, and modifications in ambulance construction and procedures soon followed. Since first-aid texts for urban ambulances were rare, military texts on battlefield medicine were adapted to emergency medicine in civilian accidents.
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Review Case Reports
Traumatic rupture of the stomach after Heimlich maneuver.
Fatal complications following the performance of the Heimlich maneuver have been reported. A 76-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with signs of respiratory distress, abdominal pain and distension one day after airway obstruction and subsequent resuscitation. ⋯ This is the 4th case of stomach rupture and the 7th reported fatal complication following the Heimlich maneuver. It is recommended that persons who undergo the Heimlich maneuver be examined and observed by a physician, as soon as possible, to rule out complications.
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Overcrowding of emergency departments in New York City is the most apparent symptom of a crumbling health care system. There is a growing need for the care of a largely impoverished population suffering from an increasing prevalence of AIDS, substance abuse, and psychiatric disease. ⋯ Short-term efforts to resolve this crisis have thus far been unsuccessful. Long-range solutions are likely to be costly and may require a reconfiguration of societal health care priorities.