J Trauma
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A retrospective review of 756 blunt trauma cases at a level I trauma center was conducted to determine the role of thoracolumbar (TL) spine roentgenograms in the management of asymptomatic patients. Thoracolumbar spine films were obtained on 106 patients. The charts from 99 patients were available for thorough review. ⋯ Of the 20 patients in whom the clinical examination was equivocal, one (5%) had radiographic evidence of TL spine injury. We conclude that physical examination is reliable for assessing the TL spine, and that in the absence of clinical evidence of injury, TL spine films are unnecessary. In patients with equivocal examinations, TL spine films should be obtained because 7% (one of 15) of the injuries were identified in this group.
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The results of 111 acute below-knee amputations in war wounded were reviewed. The majority of the patients were wounded by exploding mines. The amputation stumps were not closed primarily but secondarily after an average of 6.4 days. ⋯ After delayed primary closure 84% of the stumps healed without problems. The best results were obtained when the stump closure was performed within 1 week after the amputation. No cases of gas gangrene or tetanus were encountered.
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In resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock, very small volumes of hypertonic saline (HS) improve blood pressure while reducing intracranial pressure and edema formation. The effects of hypertonic resuscitation fluids and hypernatremia on electrophysiologic brain function have not been studied. The present study was done in two parts. ⋯ We next examined the effects on the FEP of hypernatremia and hyperosmolarity produced by two different hyperosmotic fluids. Over a 1-hour period, 16 mL/kg HS (n = 8), 16 mL/kg IsoSal (4.5% saline, 5.9% glucose, 6.4% mixed amino acids; n = 8), or 40 mL/kg LR (n = 8) was infused into normovolemic rats. Plasma sodium levels increased in both hyperosmotic groups (baseline = 145.2 +/- 0.7 mEq/L; after infusion, HS = 202.4 +/- 9.8 mEq/L, IsoSal = 163.3 +/- 4.2 mEq/L; p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)