Cancer
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Inflammation has been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis; therefore, the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has the potential of decreasing the risk of prostate cancer. However, to the authors' knowledge the precise correlation between oral NSAID use, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prostate cancer risk is unknown. To further characterize this association, the authors evaluated serum PSA levels with regard to NSAID and acetaminophen consumption in a large cross-sectional study of men in the US. ⋯ The findings of the current study suggest that regular NSAID consumption may reduce serum PSA levels. Whether this is indicative of a protective effect on prostate cancer risk or masks possible prostate injury resulting in reduced detection of prostate cancer is unclear. Given the widespread consumption of NSAIDs and the regular use of PSA for the assessment of prostate cancer risk, the potential implications of the current study's findings may be substantial and warrant further investigation.
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The combination of temozolomide (TMZ) and thalidomide was reported to produce a high response rate, including shrinkage of brain metastases, in patients with metastatic melanoma. The authors tested the efficacy of a regimen including TMZ, thalidomide, and whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in patients with brain (CNS) metastases from melanoma. ⋯ The efficacy of TMZ, thalidomide, and WBRT in the treatment of CNS metastatic melanoma is low. Other treatment approaches should be considered for this patient population.
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A series of patients with well differentiated (WD)/dedifferentiated (DD) retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLS) was studied to evaluate the prognostic value of the presence, extension, and grade of the DD component. ⋯ Patients with high-grade DD RLS had a worse prognosis in terms of both DSS and LRFS. The extension of the DD component and its mitotic index were relevant for EFS. The results indicated that radiation therapy may improve LRFS. These data may help stratify the risk of recurrence for patients with RLS. Clinical studies on new multimodality approaches are warranted.
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Review Comparative Study
Anticoagulation for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a systematic review.
The authors compared the relative efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and unfractionated heparin (UFH) for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) between patients with and without cancer. ⋯ The current results indicated that LMWH most likely is superior to UFH in reducing mortality in the initial treatment of VTE for patients with cancer. There is a need for more and better designed trials to confirm these findings.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized phase 2 study of subcutaneous amifostine versus epoetin-alpha given 3 times weekly during concurrent chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiotherapy for limited-disease small cell lung cancer.
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of amifostine and epoetin-alpha in reducing severe toxicities during concurrent chemo-hyperfractionated radiotherapy (CCRT) for limited disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC). ⋯ Although amifostine administered 3 times weekly during CCRT did not significantly reduce severe toxicities, epoetin-alpha was effective in preventing severe anemia during CCRT in patients with LD-SCLC. Other radioprotective strategies to minimize severe toxicities should be investigated.