Cancer
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A randomized trial of accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy and bis-chloroethyl nitrosourea for malignant glioma. A preliminary report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 83-02.
The third and final randomization of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 83-02 was performed to identify the maximal tolerated dose and potential efficacy of accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy (AHRT) in 1.6 Gy twice-daily fractions for adult malignant glioma. ⋯ The maximum tolerated dose of AHRT has yet to be identified, and pursuit of this information may most benefit patients with malignant glioma who are 60 years of age or older.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Phase III double-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron and metoclopramide as antiemetic therapy for patients receiving multiple-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Ondansetron hydrochloride is a selective serotonin subtype 3 (5HT3) receptor antagonist that has been shown to be an effective antiemetic in patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy. ⋯ Ondansetron is superior to metoclopramide as antiemetic therapy for multiple-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Treatment of soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and adolescence. A report of the German Cooperative Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study.
In the first German soft tissue sarcoma (STS) study, CWS-81, 344 patients younger than 19 years of age who had previously untreated soft tissue sarcoma were studied. For this analysis, there were 218 patients with chemosensitive STS (Group A: rhabdomyosarcoma [RMS], synovial sarcoma, extraosseous Ewing sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, and malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumor) who could be studied for a minimum potential follow-up time of 6 years. ⋯ The following conclusions were drawn from the CWS-81 study: (1) intensive chemotherapy (VACA for 35 weeks) provides long-term control for most patients with Stage I-II disease; (2) patients with primary unresectable tumors (i.e., Stage III) who achieve complete remission with chemotherapy alone have the same prognosis as patients with postoperative disease of Stages I and II; (3) tumor size and the degree of tumor regression after primary chemotherapy influence outcome and thus can be used as a basis for risk-adapted therapy.
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There is plenty of evidence that survival time associated with advanced ovarian cancer is predominantly related to the amount of residual tumor after primary operation. However, there are only few and inconclusive reports concerning the effect of second debulking procedures on survival time after relapse. ⋯ The authors conclude that radical surgical procedure can prolong survival times in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Patients who had a complete resection of cancer tissue in the primary operation or those who experienced a disease-free interval of more than 12 months after primary operation are most likely to benefit from second operation in recurrent ovarian cancer. Radical surgical procedure should be offered to these patients to enhance efficacy of second-line chemotherapy, which is of limited value in bulky recurrent disease.
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The primary curative therapy for colorectal cancer is surgical resection. In addition, surgery is the mainstay for palliative therapy in most patients with more advanced colorectal cancer. ⋯ These medical problems may be secondary to the carcinoma, such as obstruction, perforation with sepsis, or malnutrition, or may be a result of underlying disorders, especially cardiopulmonary diseases. Adequate evaluation and indicated therapeutic intervention before surgical procedures will improve the patient's outcome.