Cancer
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Comparative Study
Sarcopenia in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy: impact on cancer-specific and all-cause mortality.
The authors evaluated sarcopenia as a predictor of cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with urothelial cancer of the bladder undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). ⋯ The presence of sarcopenia was found to significantly increase a patient's risk of CSS and all-cause mortality after undergoing RC for bladder cancer.
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National guidelines recommend examination of ≥ 15 lymph nodes for adequate staging of resectable gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). The relevance of these guidelines, which were established before the increasing use of multimodality therapy, and the impact of inadequate lymph node staging (LNS) in a contemporary cohort have not been extensively explored. ⋯ Adequate LNS is achieved in a minority of patients. Inadequate LNS was independently associated with worse OS. Examination of ≥ 15 LN is a reproducible prognosticator of gastric cancer outcomes in the United States and should continue to serve as a benchmark for quality of care.
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Telomere maintenance is crucial in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The results of a previous study from the authors indicated that infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types 16, 18, and 58 was a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the Shantou region of China. In the current study, the authors explored the association between HR-HPV infection, telomere length (TL), and DNA methylation and their significance in the prognosis of patients with ESCC. ⋯ HR-HPV infection and integration related to telomere elongation and DNA methylation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase may be a potential biomarker of prognosis in patients with ESCC.
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Mammographic screening is expected to decrease the incidence of late-stage breast cancer. In the current study, the authors determined the decrease in late-stage cancer incidence and the changes in invasive cancer incidence that occurred in the mammographic era after adjusting for prescreening temporal trends. ⋯ There is evidence that a substantial reduction in late-stage breast cancer has occurred in the mammography era when appropriate adjustments are made for prescreening temporal trends. At background APC estimates of ≥ 1%, the total invasive breast cancer incidence also decreased.