Gastroenterology
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Genetic variations in antioxidant metabolism may explain varying biological responses to acute pancreatitis (AP). We studied the contribution of oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of severe pancreatitis by examining the prevalence of functional gene polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes and evidence of heightened oxidative stress. ⋯ The functional GSTT-1*A genotype was associated with severe attacks of pancreatitis. Heightened oxidative stress characterized by glutathione depletion may be of importance in mediating the progression from mild to severe pancreatitis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The development and maintenance of human visceral pain hypersensitivity is dependent on the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.
Visceral hypersensitivity is a common feature of functional gastrointestinal disorders. One speculated mechanism is an activity-dependent increase in spinal cord neuronal excitability (central sensitization), which is dependent on activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Our aims were to determine whether the development and maintenance of human visceral hypersensitivity is NMDA receptor mediated. ⋯ The induction and maintenance of acid-induced esophageal hypersensitivity is prevented and reversed by ketamine. This finding strongly indicates that central sensitization is a mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity.
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The mechanisms underlying abdominal pain perception in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are poorly understood. Intestinal mast cell infiltration may perturb nerve function leading to symptom perception. We assessed colonic mast cell infiltration, mediator release, and spatial interactions with mucosal innervation and their correlation with abdominal pain in IBS patients. ⋯ Colonic mast cell infiltration and mediator release in proximity to mucosal innervation may contribute to abdominal pain perception in IBS patients.
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Comparative Study
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of acute pancreatitis.
This study aimed to compare the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with computed tomography (CT) in assessing acute pancreatitis (AP) and to explore the correlation between MRI findings and clinical outcome. ⋯ MRI is a reliable method of staging AP severity, has predictive value for the prognosis of the disease, and has fewer contraindications than CT. It can also detect pancreatic duct disruption, which may occur early in the course of AP.
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We assessed the association of body mass and gastric volumes (fasting and postprandial) with satiation and postprandial symptoms. ⋯ Greater body mass index and fasting gastric volume are associated with reduced satiation. Increased body mass index or height was not associated with greater gastric volumes.