Breast Care
-
Review
High-throughput gene expression and mutation profiling: current methods and future perspectives.
Following the completion of the human genome sequence at the beginning of the new millennium, a series of high-throughput methods have changed cancer research. Using these techniques, global analysis such as expression profiling could be carried out on a genomic scale. In breast cancer they led to the classification of the intrinsic subtypes, and the development of several prognostic and predictive 'genomic tests' for patient stratification. ⋯ These studies have led to important and surprising discoveries both for basic cancer research and clinical applications. They relate to understanding the development of cancer as well as the heterogeneity of the disease, and how to use this information to guide the development and application of therapies. Although it is foreseeable that the sequencing surveys of neoplasms will soon conclude, their introduction into clinical practice is just beginning.
-
Blue dye used for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients may cause prolonged skin discoloration at the site of injection. The aim of this study was to assess the duration of such skin discoloration. ⋯ The use of patent blue for identification of the sentinel lymph node in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery may result in prolonged discoloration of the skin at the injection site.
-
Malignant pericardial effusion caused by carcinomatous pericarditis is a complication of advanced malignancy. Breast cancer is the second most important cause of malignant pericardial effusion. Malignant pericardial effusion is the end stage of breast cancer, and the prognosis is very poor. Pericardial effusion may cause cardiac tamponade and sudden death if it is not controlled properly. There is a debate on which is the best method to control pericardial effusion. ⋯ The observed long-term survival in such a patient with the development of pericardial effusions and cardiac tamponade caused by carcinomatous pericarditis attributable to breast cancer is rare. Thoracoscopic pericardial window was effective in controlling the pericardial effusion.
-
Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality worldwide. As the population ages and life expectancy increases, the burden of cancer on health services will increase. Older patients with breast cancer are becoming more suitable for surgery; tailored surgical techniques and increasing healthy life expectancy alongside improved assessment of patients are aiding this trend. ⋯ Evidence shows that surgery is almost always feasible for the older patient with outcomes (survival, progression, and recurrence rates) comparable to younger groups and superior to non-surgical treatments. We aim to describe the current status of surgery for the older patient with breast cancer, showing it is an option that should not be denied. Surgery should always be considered regardless of age, after evaluation of co-morbidities.