Oral Oncol
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The relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer risk have been investigated in a growing number of epidemiological studies. However, their findings were inconsistent, and no systematic review or meta-analysis has been conducted up to now. This meta-analysis was carried out to examine potential dose-response relationship between DII score and UADT cancer risk. ⋯ The present meta-analysis provides evidence of highly pro-inflammatory diets that might increase risk of UADT cancers. Therefore, reducing pro-inflammatory components in diets should be considered to prevent and control UADT cancers.
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HPV-positive oropharynx squamous cell cancer (HPV-OPC) patients were initially described as younger, however incidence has increased among older age-groups. It is unknown why some patients present at a younger age and others at a later age. ⋯ Younger, middle-age and older HPV-OPC have distinct biomarker and behavioral profiles. Younger HPV-OPC cases have higher intensity of sexual exposure than older cases and controls, which may in part explain earlier disease onset. The distribution of HPV16-positive tumors among HPV-OPC differs by age group.
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To develop a multidimensional nomogram for predicting the progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) (stage III-IVa). ⋯ The multidimensional nomogram incorporating RSnd, PS, and TNM stage showed high performance for predicting PFS in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC.
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HNSCC is an immunologically active tumor with high levels of immune cell infiltration, high mutational burden and a subset of patients who respond to immunotherapy. One of the primary sources of mutations in HNSCC is the cytidine deaminase APOBEC3, which is a known participant in innate immunity. Why particular HNSCCs have higher rates of APOBEC mutations and how these mutations relate to the immune microenvironment remains unknown. ⋯ APOBEC mutations are tightly linked to immune activation and infiltration in HNSCC. Multiple mechanisms may exist within HNSCC leading to APOBEC mutations including immune upregulation in response to neoantigens and viral infection, via induction of IFNy. These mechanisms may be additive and not mutually exclusive, which could explain higher levels of APOBEC mutations in HPV mediated HNSCC.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Nivolumab versus investigator's choice in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Efficacy and safety in CheckMate 141 by age.
Many patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) are ≥65 years old; comorbidities and other age-related factors may affect their ability to tolerate traditional chemotherapy. Nivolumab is the only immunotherapy to significantly improve overall survival (OS) versus investigator's choice (IC) of single-agent chemotherapy at primary analysis in a phase 3 trial (CheckMate 141) in patients with recurrent/metastatic SCCHN post-platinum therapy. In this post hoc analysis, we report efficacy and safety by age. ⋯ In CheckMate 141, nivolumab resulted in a higher survival versus IC in patients <65 and ≥65 years, with a manageable safety profile in both age groups. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02105636.