International ophthalmology clinics
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Optic disc cupping is a consequence of myriad disorders. The anatomy and vasculature of the disc provide great insight into why, how, and when ODC occurs in various conditions. ⋯ Cupping can be seen with neurological processes, including benign tumors, that are treatable. The clinician must remain vigilant to detect uncommon but potentially threatening forms of nonglaucomatous optic disc cupping.
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Intraocular medications, solutions, and instruments are an integral component of intraocular surgery. The ionic composition, pH, and osmolality should approximate aqueous humor to prevent damage to the corneal endothelium. ⋯ Many new cleaning procedures and promising new intraocular drugs are likely to be introduced in the future. The responsibility of ocular surgeons is to protect their patients from drug-, solution-, or instrument-related toxicity.