American journal of veterinary research
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The purpose in this study was to characterize the acid-base status of arterial blood from healthy young domestic swine and to construct an acid-base curve nomogram appropriate to such animals. Accordingly, 40 immature, 20- to 31-kg domestic pigs were used to establish acid-base characteristics for arterial blood. Samples were collected from chronically implanted catheters while the animals were maintained under steady-state, near-basal conditions. ⋯ The data showed that nomograms or other procedures based on blood characteristics of men were invalid when used to estimate base excess concentration of blood from young pigs. The normal pH of arterial blood was higher in immature pigs than in men; thus, reference values defining zero base excess were not equivalent in men and pigs. Constant PCO2 titrations were performed on arterial samples taken from 10 additional pigs, and the data were used to construct an acid-base curve nomogram in which zero base excess was defined for blood with a pH of 7.50 and a PCO2 of 40 mm Hg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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A field trial was conducted to evaluate the use of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) (lutalyse)a in lactating dairy cattle with unobserved estrus in the presence of a functional corpus luteum (CL) and clinically normal reproductive tract. Seventy-three Holstein and 9 Jersey cows, weighing between 340.0 and 772.7 kg, were allotted to treatment and control groups. All treated cows were inseminated within 80 hours after treatment as assigned by this trial. ⋯ Pregnancy rates were 57% for treated and 47% for control cows (P = 0.5, by X2). Days from treatment to first-observed estrus, treatment to first service, and treatment to conception were significantly reduced in the treatment group compared with these criteria for the control group (P less than 0.05, 0.005, and 0.01 respectively). It was concluded that induction of luteolysis with PGF2 alpha in lactating dairy cattle with unobserved estrus and a palpable functional CL will be an effective addition to reproductive health programs.
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The precision of isoflurane delivery from 4 vaporizers designed and calibrated for halothane was studied. Isoflurane concentration in oxygen (O2) was determined for various vaporizer dial settings (0 to maximum) and O2 flow rates (0.375 to 15 L/min). The effects on vaporizer output of time (settings constant for up to 15 minutes), ambient temperature (15, 22, 30 C), and conditions simulating intermittent positive-pressure ventilation were also studied. ⋯ There was little effect of simulated positive-pressure breathing on vaporizer output at peak inspired circuit pressures less than 12 mm of Hg. Use of halothane-specific vaporizers to deliver isoflurane has advantages and disadvantages which must be evaluated individually. The delivery of isoflurane by halothane-specific vaporizers is not recommended by anesthetic and vaporizer manufacturers.
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Comparative Study
Capillary and venous blood compared with arterial blood in the measurement of acid-base and blood gas status of dogs.
Acid-base and blood gas status of capillary blood from the ear was compared with acid-base and blood gas status of arterial and venous blood in dogs with induced hypoxemia, hypercapnea, and hypovolemia. It was concluded that capillary blood samples can replace arterial blood samples for the measurement of acid-base and blood gas status of dogs with severe impairment of lung function. ⋯ With impaired capillary circulation, the capillary-arterial differences become unacceptably large. It is, therefore, advisable to submit samples of capillary blood for analysis only if circulation is not impaired and microtubes can be filled quickly and easily.
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Comparative Study
Cardiopulmonary effects of thiopental/lidocaine combination during anesthetic induction in the dog.
The cardiopulmonary effects and tendencies to produce ventricular arrhythmias were evaluated in 13 dogs given a surgical plane of anesthesia by thiopental (IV) or a combination of thiopental and lidocaine (IV). Thiopental (22 mg/kg of body weight) was compared with a combination of thiopental (11 mg/kg) and lidocaine (8.8 mg/kg). Preanesthetic agents were not given. ⋯ Mild respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia were present at 5 and 10 minutes after thiopental induction. Because the combination of thiopental/lidocaine had less cardiopulmonary depressive effects and protected against arrhythmias, it would appear to be a good method for anesthetic induction of the patient with cardiopulmonary disease. In the patient with normal cardiopulmonary function, thiopental produces only a moderate and reversible depression.